Developing World Characteristics and Socio-economic Indicators of Developing Regions Ivana Raslavská

Theoretical approaches in socioeconomic development Paradigm: Liberal paradigm Realist paradigm Theoretical approaches: classicistic and neoclassic theories structuralistic theories historical approach

Development in process of globalisation Liberal approach – negative impact of globalisation have just temporary character in the form of negative externalities Realistic approach – globalisation have positive impact on countries which implement racional economic policy Criticism of liberal and neoliberal approaches – understand power like negative influence in global economic relationships.

What does it mean developing world? Nonexistence of common terminology: 1949 – Truman speech – underdeveloped areas 50s and 60s of 20th century - Developing world 1952 – Alfred Sauvy – Third World Contemporary - Developing countries or Global South

How do we measure development? GDP p./c. States with low income < 975 USD States with lower middle income ,855 USD States with higher middle income3, ,905 USD States with highest income> 11,906 HDI Low human development< 0,5 Medium human development0,5 – 0,8 High human development> 0,8 as of 2008

Human development index Source: Human Developmet Report 2007/2008, UNDP, 2007

Other methodologies Source: Human Developmet Reports /2008, UNDP Human Poverty Index (for developing countries) – HPI-1 Gender Related Index – GRI Gender Empowerment Measure – GEM Technology Achievement Index - TAI

Poverty multidimensional phenomenon Lack of basic needs for living -Malnutrition, diseases, no or lack of education, bad access to water and sanitary devices, violence and criminality, lack of politic freedom, vulnerable human rights... Typical problems -Autocratic politic regimes, corruption, specific demographic growth, disordered social system, unfavourable natural and climatic conditions, psychological factors...

Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Zdroj: Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Central Afr. Rep. Chad Comoros Dem. Rep. of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao PDR Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Maldives Mali Mauritania Mozambique Nepal Niger Rwanda Samoa São Tomé & Príncipe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan Togo Tuvalu Uganda Un. Rep. of Tanzania Timor-Leste Vanuatu Yemen Zambia

Aid delivered to developing countries Root theory for foreign development „aid“ is the theory of „vicious circle of poverty“: Low consumption

How to break „vicious circle of poverty“? Foreign direct investments International Trade Development cooperation

International Development Cooperation I Relief emergency, acute crisis short-term objectives Rehabilitation post-conflict/crisis midterm objectives Development stable situation, legitimate partners long-term objectives

International Development Cooperation II Governmental Official development cooperation Nongovernmental private sector (a.s., s.r.o.), third sector (n.o., o.z., nadácia) Bilateral Multilateral

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development 21 quantifiable targets, 60 indicators

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