Unit 3 Revolution to Constitution

Section 1 – Road to Revolution

Jeffrey Amherst

Pontiac

Review: Proclamation of 1763 Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law Attempt to gain better control of colonists

No taxation without representation!

Sons of Liberty

Charles Townshend

Writs of assistance Colonists supported the boycott of the non-importation agreements Townshend Acts were repealed on everything but Tea

Samuel Adams

Patrick Henry

Constitution Amendment 3 Lodging Troops in Private Homes Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner

Crispus Attucks

John Adams

England’s King George III

Tea Act of 1773 Gave the British East India Company a monopoly To put smugglers out of business Lowered the price of tea for colonists

Samuel Adams John Hancock

Boston Tea Party

Taxation Summary British Parliament passed acts to: Pay for the French and Indian War Pay for colonial defense and administration Regain control over the colonists Colonists thought these actions infringed upon their rights as English citizens

Parliament passed Coercive Acts in 1774 Colonists called these the Intolerable Acts Parliament shut down the port of Boston Set up new charter (system of govt) for Mass. Passed new Quartering Act

Constitution Amendment 1 Freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition Protects 5 basic rights

Constitution Amendment 3 Lodging Troops in Private Homes Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner Added because of Quartering Acts passed by England for the colonies

First Continental Congress Boycott all British goods Stop exporting goods to Britain

Thomas Gage

Paul Revere

John Parker Statue in Lexington

Ralph Waldo Emerson “The shot heard round the world.”

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “Now listen my children and you shall hear of the midnight ride of Paul Revere.”

Section 2 – The American Revolution

Patrick Henry “Give me liberty or give me death.”

American Revolution began on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord England Colonies Weapons & supplies Had all they needed Next to none Armies Biggest in world Navy Largest in world None Money Richest in world (biggest country) Next to nothing Biggest advantage Americans had: fighting on their own soil, they knew the terrain.

Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen

First big battle of the American Revolution Fort Ticonderoga Colonists got their first cannon here Control of key route into Canada

Second Continental Congress Olive Branch Petition Continental Army George Washington

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

Colonel British General William Prescott William Howe

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!”

Richard Montgomery Benedict Arnold

Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense

independence

John Adams Benjamin Franklin Robert Livingston Roger Sherman

Thomas Jefferson “Father” of the Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776 Independence Day

John Hancock

Declaration of Independence 3 main parts 1. Basic rights upon which the United States of America was founded 2. British wrongs were listed to show why the colonists had the right to rebel 3. An independent nation – the Declaration proclaimed the colonies had become the United States of America

As a free and independent nation, the U. S As a free and independent nation, the U.S. could make alliances and trade with other countries.

Patriots Loyalists People who wanted colonists to win the revolution People who wanted England to win the revolution

Nathan Hale “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

Thomas Paine wrote The Crisis

Washington Crossing the Delaware River

British General Charles Cornwallis

The British changed their strategy To stop the flow of soldiers and supplies to Gen. Washington

“Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne

Benjamin Franklin Sent by Continental Congress to Paris in 1776 His mission: To persuade French King Louis XVI to help the Americans

Continental Congress Wanted help from France Weapons Supplies Wanted France to declare war on Britain France had a strong navy

France Still angry with Britain over defeat in French and Indian War King did not want to openly help Americans unless they could win Victory at Saratoga convinced France to become an ally of the U.S.

France February 1778, France became first nation to sign a treaty with U.S. Recognized U.S. as a nation Agreed to provide military aid

European Help France declared war on England Spain declared war on England Holland declared war on England

Marquis de Lafayette

Thaddeus Kosciusko

Casimir Pulaski

Bernardo de Galvez

Friedrich von Steuben

Martha Washington

Appalachian Mountains Lexington Louisville

George Rogers Clark

Kaskaskia Cahokia

John Paul Jones Bonhomme Richard “I have not yet begun to fight!”

Final battles of the American Revolution were fought in the South

Benedict Arnold

Francis Marion – The Swamp Fox

Nathanael Greene

British General Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown Oct. 17, 1781

John Adams Benjamin Franklin John Jay Henry Laurens

Treaty of Paris Britain recognized U.S. as independent nation U.S. borders extended from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River Florida was returned to Spain Americans agreed to ask state legislatures to pay Loyalists for property they lost during the war

Treaty of Paris Ratified by Congress on April 15, 1783

American Revolution – Causes & Effects 1. Proclamation of 1763 stops colonists from moving west. 2. Parliament taxes the colonies to pay British war debts. 3. Intolerable Acts set up harsh rule in Massachusetts. EFFECTS 1. Colonies declare independence. 2. Britain recognizes U.S. independence. 3. U.S. borders extend to Florida and to Mississippi River. 4. George Washington emerges as a leader.

James Madison Edmund Randolph

The Articles of Confederation The Constitution Unicameral Each state one vote 9 of 13 states approve laws No executive branch No judicial branch Only states can tax Each state can coin money Each state can regulate trade with other states Each state can act independently Bicameral Senate and House of Reps Majority of each house approves laws Executive branch, headed by President, carries out laws Judicial branch, headed by Supreme Court, interprets laws Congress can tax Only Congress can coin money Only Congress can regulate trade between states States accept Constitution as supreme law of land

Wrote the Federalist Papers James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay Wrote the Federalist Papers

George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President

Timeline Review 1775: Second Continental Congress First met in response to the Intolerable Acts Governed the U.S. for 6 years 1781: Articles of Confederation Effective March 1 Power to: Have an army Declare war Deal with Native Americans Start a mail service Borrow money Ask states for money to run national government

Timeline Review 1781: Articles of Confederation 1783: Treaty of Paris Trouble right away No power to: Tax people to raise money Settle arguments between states Control trade among states Large states angry that smaller states had same amount of power in Congress 1783: Treaty of Paris Ended American Revolution

Timeline Review 1787: Constitutional Convention In June, George Washington headed meeting of leaders in Philadelphia to improve Articles of Confederation They decided instead to write a new plan for government James Madison, historian

Timeline Review 1787: Constitutional Convention Three-fifths (3/5) Compromise Allowed slave trade for at least 20 years On September 17, the new Constitution of U.S. was completed James Madison – Father of U.S. Constitution

James Madison Constitutional Convention historian Father of U.S. Constitution

Wrote the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay Wrote the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution

Timeline Review 1787: Constitution 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified Thomas Jefferson suggested adding Bill of Rights To help protect rights of Americans 9 of 13 states had to ratify Constitution for it to become effective 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified Became the law George Washington became 1st President on April 30

George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President George Washington had great power, but not nearly as much as a king

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Constitution Amendment 1 Freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition Protects 5 basic rights This amendment has caused great debate about “separation of church and state” in the teaching of evolution versus “intelligent design” in public schools

European Help Thaddeus Kosciusko French Bernardo de Galvez Prussian Marquis de Lafayette Friedrich von Steuben Casimir Pulaski French Prussian Mexican Polish

Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher) Deborah Sampson

British General Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown