AP Human Geography

Main Idea  Equality between men and women is a sign of development.  In MDC’s, women are more educated, make more $, and have more decision making power.  The opposite is true in LDC’s.  Nowhere in the world are women statistically equal to men.

Measuring Gender Equality Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)  Same measures as HDI, but centered on gender.  Economic  Per capita income M vs. F  Education  Females in school vs. Males in school  % literate females vs. % literate males  Health  Life ex. of females vs. males  Measures the ability of women to participate in the process of improvement.  Economic  Per capita income M vs. F  % of women professional/ technical jobs  Political  % of admin. jobs held by women  % of women in national parliament

Global GDI

Income

Education

Global GEM

Seats in Parliament

Approaches to Development  To promote development, countries must choose one of two models:  Self-Sufficiency  International Trade

Self-Sufficiency Approach  Spread investment equally across all sectors of the economy, in all regions of the country.  Whole country develops slowly but evenly.  Urban and rural develop at same pace.  Reducing poverty more important than individual wealth.  Promote national businesses through tariffs, quotas, and subsidies.

Self-Sufficiency Approach: India  India provides a case study of an LDC that used the SSA for many years.  Difficult to import foreign goods  Quotas  Heavy taxes (2-3X price)  Subsides provided struggling businesses financial support.

Made in India

International Trade Approach  A country identifies unique economic assets.  Focus on one thing, do it well, and sell to the world!  Examples?  Oil, large/ cheap workforce, location  Unequal distribution of wealth, may benefit MDC’s  By the end of the 20 th century, adopted by most LDC’s

Rostow’s Model  5 Step Approach to Intl. Development  1. Traditional Society  2. Pre-conditions for takeoff  3. Takeoff  4. Drive to Maturity  5. Age of Mass Consumption

International Trade Approach: Examples  “The Four Asian Dragons”  Lacked natural resources, focused on manufacturing electronics, clothing, cars (SK)  S. Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong  Arabian Peninsula States  Profits from oil lead to development  Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, UAE  Both groups sell to MDC’s in NA/ Europe

Four Asian Tigers

Made in South Korea

Hong Kong

Seoul, South Korea