36 Global Interdependence, 1960–Present QUIT 36 CHAPTER Global Interdependence, 1960–Present Chapter Overview Time Line 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook SECTION 2 Global Economic Development MAP SECTION SECTION 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age SECTION Visual Summary

36 Global Interdependence, 1960–Present HOME 36 CHAPTER Global Interdependence, 1960–Present Chapter Overview Advances in communications technology and increasing economic, cultural, and political interdependence give rise to a global community. People face growing responsibilities for maintaining the environment and for working toward world peace.

36 Global Interdependence, 1960–Present HOME Time Line 1960 2002 CHAPTER Global Interdependence, 1960–Present Time Line 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty signed. 1975 Helsinki Accords support human rights. 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro. 1999 European Union launches common currency. 1960 2002 1972 U.S. and Soviet Union agree to joint space venture. 1986 Soviet Union launches Mir space station. 1994 NAFTA goes into effect.

Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook HOME 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook Key Idea Advances in technology during the second half of the 20th century focus on the exploration of space and also on communications networks and medical and agricultural techniques that improve the quality of people’s lives. Overview Assessment

Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook HOME 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook TERMS & NAMES Overview • Hubble Space Telescope • Internet • genetic engineering • cloning • green revolution MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Advances in technology after World War II led to increased global interaction and improved quality of life. The lives of all people around the world are affected by advances in science and technology. Assessment

Science and Technology Changes Lives HOME 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Using the three categories listed below, give information on ways science and technology has changed human life. Science and Technology Changes Lives Communications Health and Medicine Green Revolution Television contact across the globe; home offices and telecommuting Improved diagnoses and surgery; mapping and genetic engineering Increased crop yields; decreased use of pesticides through plant genetics continued . . .

Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook HOME 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook Section 1 Assessment 2. What is your opinion about cloning? In your judgment, is there a limit to how far cloning should go? Support your opinion with reasons. THINK ABOUT • the Human Genome Project • positive effects of cloning • negative effects of cloning ANSWER Possible Responses: Cloning has led to many advances in health and agriculture. It can be pushed too far; for example, creating dangerous biological weapons. continued . . .

Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook HOME 1 Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook Section 1 Assessment 3. Why do you think that space exploration became an arena for cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States? THINK ABOUT • goals of space exploration • technologies involved • images of Earth from space ANSWER Possible Responses: Both nations saw the advantages of sharing costs and information, pooling technologies, and increasing good will between their countries. End of Section 1

Global Economic Development Key Idea 2 HOME 2 Global Economic Development MAP Key Idea As the global economy expands, the nations of the world are forced to adjust to new patterns of work and trade and to the necessity of maintaining economic growth while preserving the environment. Overview Assessment

Global Economic Development Overview 2 • developed nation HOME 2 Global Economic Development MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • developed nation • developing nation • global economy • multinational corporation • free trade • Gulf War • ozone layer • sustainable development MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The economies of the world’s nations are so tightly linked that the actions of one nation affect others. Every individual is affected by the global economy and the environment. Assessment

Forces that shape a global economy HOME 2 Global Economic Development MAP Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List examples of forces that have shaped a global economy. Forces that shape a global economy development of multinational corporations advances in communication regional trade blocks expanded free trade transportation continued . . .

Global Economic Development 2 2 HOME 2 Global Economic Development MAP Section 2 Assessment 2. In what ways has technology changed the workplace of people across the world? THINK ABOUT • the kinds of industries people work in • the location of the workplaces • the speed at which work is done ANSWER Possible Responses: • In developed nations more people work in information industries; in developing nations more people work in manufacturing. • Some people work at home or through telecommunications; technological advances have increased the work pace. End of Section 2

Global Security Issues HOME 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH Key Idea Nations try to preserve peace and collective security and promote human rights but face many challenges, including ethnic and religious conflicts and the dislocation of peoples through migration. Overview Assessment

Global Security Issues HOME 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty • proliferation • terrorism • fundamentalism • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • civil rights movement MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Since 1945, nations have used collective security efforts to solve problems. Personal security of the people of the world is tied to security within and between nations. Assessment

Global Security Issues HOME 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List collective methods employed by the nations of the world to increase world security. Give examples. Method Examples 1. 2. 3. 4. Form military alliances NATO, SEATO, Warsaw Pact Reduce threats of war U.N. formed Promote peace U.N. peacekeeping missions Control weapons Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty; Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties continued . . .

Global Security Issues HOME 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 2. How are ethnic and religious conflicts related to problems of global security? THINK ABOUT • current conflicts • political/ideological tactics of groups • immigration ANSWER Possible Responses: People involved in ethnic and religious conflicts may use terrorist tactics to get attention. These conflicts often endanger the security of neighboring nations. Immigrants from troubled areas can present security problems to their host nations. continued . . .

Global Security Issues HOME 3 Global Security Issues GRAPH Section 3 Assessment 3. In what ways have advances in science and technology increased threats to global security? THINK ABOUT • the destructive capability of one nuclear weapon • the ability of less-powerful nations to produce biological or chemical weapons • the ability to move easily across international borders ANSWER Possible Responses: The technical ease of making biological or chemical weapons makes less-powerful nations able to be more aggressive and threaten security. Rapid transportation allows easy movement of terrorists or armies across international borders. End of Section 3

Cultures Blend in a Global Age Key Idea 4 HOME 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age Key Idea Expanded communications technology brings peoples of the world closer together, creating conflict as they strive to preserve their uniqueness while respecting and living in harmony with their global neighbors. Overview Assessment

Cultures Blend in a Global Age Overview 4 • popular culture HOME 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age TERMS & NAMES Overview • popular culture • materialism • accommodation MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Technology has increased contact among the world’s people, changing their cultures. Globalization of culture has changed the ways people live, their perceptions, and their interactions. Assessment

International popular culture HOME 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe the areas of popular culture that have become very international. International popular culture Clothing: blue jeans Mass media: television Food: fast food such as McDonald’s Music: Rock ’n’ Roll continued . . .

Cultures Blend in a Global Age 4 4 HOME 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age Section 4 Assessment 2. You have just immigrated to the United States. You are anxious to “fit in” in your new home but don’t want to lose aspects of your former culture. What do you accept about the new culture and what do you retain of your birth culture? THINK ABOUT • elements of your birth culture you wish to maintain, adapt, or leave behind • practical and day-to-day concerns • feelings about your identity ANSWER continued . . .

Cultures Blend in a Global Age 4 4 HOME 4 Cultures Blend in a Global Age Section 4 Assessment Possible Responses: Many immigrants may want to keep religious and holiday traditions but adapt clothing, food, and social customs to fit in. They would need to learn English, get an education, and acquire practical skills such as how to get a job to survive on a day-to-day basis. Immigrants will vary in how much of their birth culture they would be willing to give up. Some may feel that giving up too much would threaten their identity. Others may be willing to lose their old identify to be more “American.” End of Section 4