Nanjing University, Spring, 2005 Introduction to Persuasive Speaking Part 10: Using Visual Aids John E. Clayton Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

Syllabus 05/09 Using visual aids; Topic outline card 02/28 Introduction; 03/07 03/14 Speech 1 03/21 03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans 04/04 Overcoming Fear 04/11 Speech 2 04/18 Make-up speeches; Review speech 2 04/25 Using an outline; Selecting a topic 05/02 Holiday 05/09 Using visual aids; Topic outline card 05/16 Speech 3 (topic your choice, Visual aid, Outline card) (NOTE: Please DO NOT use PowerPoint) 05/23 Review of Speech 3 06/30 Review of all speech principles; Prep for speech 4 06/06 Speech 4 (no make-ups – all due this day) 06/09 Speech contest and party (evening, 6:00 – 8:00pm)

The Role of Presentation Aids Can be audio or visual Help the audience - see relationships - remember material Should be used to supplement, rather than serve as your ideas

Memory & Presentation Aids Percent of Speech Remembered After…

The first step is to establish the need for an aid. When to Use? The first step is to establish the need for an aid. Once your speech is complete, read through to identify places where an aid would clarify your ideas.

Display your aid only when you are about to discuss it Timing Display your aid only when you are about to discuss it Otherwise, the audience my become distracted if they see something they do not understand

Simplicity is Important Concentrate on presenting one major idea per aid.

Make certain that the audience can see and hear your aids, Place Aids Carefully Make certain that the audience can see and hear your aids, and that you can access them easily without interrupting the flow of your speech

What Aids Should You Use? The selection and use of particular types of presentation aids should be based on the speech content, the audience, and the occasion.

Basic Guidelines for Aids Make it easy to see Keep it simple Make it consistent with objective Maintain eye contact Talk about visual aid

Additional Considerations Don’t pass items around Use nothing dangerous or illegal Avoid using live animals Prepare for problems (have backups)

Types of Visual Aids Slides Posters Objects Models Handouts

Types of Visual Aids, cont. Flip charts Chalkboards Audio/video clips Overhead transparencies Projected computer graphics

Design Rules - Size Make sure type size is large enough for the audience you will address 72 PT 60 PT 44 PT 36 PT 32 PT 28 PT 24 PT 18 PT 14 PT Make sure type size is large enough for the audience you will address

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words “Hanging from a small pin pounded into the mountain surface can be an exciting, if dangerous, activity.”

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words

Use for simple explanations Remember -- the processes of Chalkboard Use for simple explanations Remember -- the processes of writing or drawing reduce contact between the presenter and the audience

Practice the presentation as it will actually be performed Practice With the Aid Practice the presentation as it will actually be performed Plan on what to say during “dead time,” such as time spent walking over to an overhead

Gettysburg Address Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln Delivered 19 November 1863, Battlefield

Topic Outline Card A. Introduction – we need better laws regarding alcohol. 1. Bob’s death 2. Latest statistics on youth deaths. 3. Question: why must this continue? B. Need – It can happen to anyone. 1. Story of Jane’s crippling accident. 2. C. Satisfaction --

Finish preparing speech 3, to be presented on May 16th Homework Finish preparing speech 3, to be presented on May 16th 1. Argumentative topic of your choice 2. 3 minutes MEASURED ON: - Impactful introduction - Effective use of a visual aid - Use of a topic outline card