Introduction to Beef

Youtube; Beef Commercial

Essential Question What is a breed?

What is a breed? The classic definition of a breed is: animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass their traits uniformly to their offspring

Important Terms to Know A Mature Male is called a: Bull A Mature Female is called a: Cow The act of Giving Birth is called: Calving Gestation = 283 days A Castrated Male is called a: Steer An Immature Female is called a: Heifer

Group Discussion Discuss in your small group and write down what you think a trait is. What traits do you think are important in identifying cattle breeds?

What is the actual definition? After your in-depth discussion on traits, compare your ideas with the actual definition: A Trait is: a distinguishing characteristic within a specific breed of cattle

Classification and Identification of Beef Cattle Breeds

OBJECTIVES To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus . To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European. To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds. To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

Classification Why do we Need It We classify everything. Example Automobiles We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them down even further.

Classification Of Automobiles

CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

PUREBRED Recognized family line of an animal Unmixed Parents are standards of the breed Eligible for registration in a breed association

CROSSBREEDING Definition: Mating of 2 purebred animals to form a cross. Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, extract, and design desired traits or characteristics that are reflected in the offspring. The offspring of crossbreeding, is known as a crossbred.

Popular BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Hereford Black Angus Shorthorn

Popular EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Simmental Charolais

Popular ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Grey Brahman

BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDS BRITISH / EUROPEAN

Hereford Originated in England Red with white points Horned usually Known for pink eye Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Black Angus Native to Angus (near Scotland) Most popular beef breed in the US Always black in color Can produce Red Angus Known for Marbling Ability Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Shorthorn Originated in England White to red in color Roane Color, very popular for show heifers. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Simmental First recorded in Switzerland Large body mass Light red to dark red with white points Known for Maternal Characteristics Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS ZEBU

Brahman Developed in the United States Breeds from India used Light gray or red to black Known for Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

Activity Design your own breed! Complete your worksheet with designing your own beef cattle breed Complete Beef Crossword Puzzle when finished

Beef Crossword

Review Of Beef Cattle Classification Cattle are Classified into Two Groups The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups? What are some Breeds Attributes?

Beef Anatomy

Warm Up A cows horns are called : A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A Dog all have THIS anatomical part in common. What is it?

Objectives Review basic cattle anatomy both gross and digestive Identify location of cuts of meat on a beef animal

Essential Question Name 4 different cuts of meat you can find in the grocery store.

Review: Remember Dairy Anatomy?

Rumen Largest of 4 compartments Its Job :FERMENTATION Papillae lining Continuous mixing and moving Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial pop. Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty acids Papillae lining Nonfunctional at birth , shunted off

Reticulum Feed boluses come from here Honeycomb appearance Its Job : REGURGITATION Regurgitation from rumen to mouth Expulsion to omasum Fermentation gases

. Omasum Many folds Its Job: REDUCE Reduces particle size Absorb some water, minerals Why would you reduce particle size?

. Abomasum “True Stomach” Glandular , meaning it secretes Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ? Its Job: DIGESTION Begin digestion here Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small intestine where further digestion takes place Feed leaving abomasum is high in water content Why do you think this happens?

How does this all work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4UbaQMNig

Beef Meat The meat from mature bovines that are generally over 12 months of age Remember that Bovine = Cow!!

Cuts of Meat

In Your Freezer Chuck Brisket Ribs Sirloin Joint

Food Safety in the Beef Industry FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by the livestock industry FSIS: Inspects livestock and carcasses for meat safety

Beef Meat Project You will be assigned a cut of beef. Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat you were assigned. OR Find a Product for purchase that contains your cut of meat. Be sure to include what type of meat it is ( Angus etc) and the company that makes the product and its relative price.

Vocabulary Sheet Brisket, Tenderloin, Chuck Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words: Brisket, Tenderloin, Chuck Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class. Free time after you’re finished .

Beef Industry

Objectives Identify levels of beef industry and their purpose Produce the correct chain of events beef cattle follow from farm to factory.

Essential Question What is the end goal when feeding and caring for cattle? How to farmers achieve this goal?

Cuts of Meat Review

The Beef Industry The average size beef herd is around 100 head.

The beef industry In the US there are over forty different breeds as well as many crosses of these breeds.

4 Major Segments: purebred operations cow-calf operations stocker operations feedlot operations

Purebred operations Purpose is to produce seed stock cattle.

Cow-Calf operations: Most calves produced are crossbreeds from purebred parents of different breeds.

Stocker operations: Provide a step between the weaning of calves and slaughter.

Feed them right Grass fed vs. grain fed vs. a mixed ration Feedstuffs are items that when mixed together can provide a Total Mixed Raton Some feedstuffs include Bone and Meat Meal Feather Meal Molasses Cottonseed Corn Soybean meal Distiller’s Grain MUCH MORE Why you feed your animals a mix of different things? Feed examples from UD farm???

Feedlot operations: Final phase before the animals are sent to slaughter.

Watch them grow Average daily gain: Pounds of weight gained per day

What does it look like? It is March 1st. Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 pounds per day. On April 1st, how much will your cow weigh? In 30 days your beef cow is going to market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What does your ADG need to be for your cow to be ready for market in 30 days??

Feedlot operation

Problems? What problems could occur with so many animals in one place?

Management Practices Ear Tagging Branding Tattooing Registration

Vocabulary REVIEW Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house

Hobby farms Farm is not the main source of income ($) for the owner. Most Delaware Cattle farms are hobby farms

Write a 1 page paper on the following: Writing Prompt Write a 1 page paper on the following: You are a beef cattle producer. Explain the process your cow will follow from farm to factory. Be sure to include what steps you will take to make sure you get the most money for your beef cows. You should include topics like: breed you have chosen and why, what your animals live in, nutrition information, and who your marketing to. Use correct vocabulary!

Important to know! Beef cattle reproduce through: Artificial Insemination Beef are Flight Animals We use their Flight Zone to move them Hormones are injected and monitored by the : FDA

Vocabulary Sheet Herd Branding Registration Average Daily Gain Feedlot BSE Finishing Cow/Calf Operation Hobby Farm

Test Review Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average Daily Gain, Feedlot, BSE, Cow/Calf Operation, Hobby Farm, Crossbreeding 1. What are the parts of the beef digestion tract? 2. What are the major cuts of Beef? 3. What is the purpose of a feedlot? 4. What are the 4 major management practices in Beef cattle?