8b-9 THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

IT Infrastructure Internet Technologies Networking Models Internet Benefits ecommerce technologies Managing the new it Infrastructure LEARNING OBJECTIVES

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES Broader perspective on infrastructure development with company wide impact Kiosks, point-of-sales (POS) terminals, information appliances, Internet LINKS(NODE): Workstations, network computers, local area networks (LAN), server computers, printer, fax… INFORMATION FLOWS FREELY THROUGHOUT ORGANIZATION Selecting technologies, development, java, xml, servers, microsoft, unix mainframes, networks

ENTERPRISE NETWORKING: Hardware, software, networks, data resources. Creates company wide network to speed processes, lower costs INTERNETWORKING: Linking of separate networks inside and outside of organization THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTURE Net1 Net2 Net3

CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols OSI (Open System Interconnection Model) A model used to represent communications systems

DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972 Five layers or parts: 1. APPLICATION: Provides screen presentations 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks data into datagrams 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, sends datagrams as smaller IP packets; can repeat transmission to increase reliability * TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

4. NETWORK INTERFACE (DATA LINK): Handles addressing and interface between computer & network 5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines electrical transmission characteristics for sending signal along networks to destination * TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

Computer/Device A OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI) can also model TCP/IP Normally 7 layers (session and presentation are part of the application layer) Application Transport Network Datalink Physical Net Computer/Device B Application Transport Network Datalink TCP IP Ethernet IE/HTTP Frame Datagram Packet Message

THE INTERNET BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): Organization connected to Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers NO ONE OWNS IT (The whole thing at least), NO FORMAL ORGANIZATION

CLIENT/ SERVER ON THE INTERNET CLIENT: Runs Web browser, other software, connects to server SERVER: Has Web server (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Domain Name Serving (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Firewall (filters data to & from Internet), Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) *

EXAMPLES OF INTERNET CLIENT PLATFORMS Devices PC: General purpose, performs many tasks, may be unreliable, complex NET PC: Minimal local storage & processing, uses software, services delivered by Internet PAGER: Handheld, provides limited , browsing SMART PHONE: Handheld, has small screen, keyboard, e- mail, browsing, voice GAME MACHINE: Modem, keyboard, Web access PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA): Handheld personal digital assistant MACHINE: Tablet, keyboard, text , requires service SET TOP BOX: Provides Web surfing, , uses television set, wireless keyboard

MAJOR INTERNET SERVICES Applications E -MAIL: Person -to-person messaging; document sharing (SMTP, POP3) USERNET NEWSGROUPS: Electronic bulletin boards for discussion groups (NNSP) LISTSERVs: list servers for discussion groups (SMTP, POP3) CHATTING: Interactive conversations (IRC) Instant Messaging: Private chat channels (Varies) TELNET: Log on one computer, work on another FTP: Transfer files from computer to computer GOPHERS: Use menus to locate text material WORLD WIDE WEB: Text, audio, graphics, video Telephony: Voice over IP

VPN A virtual Private Network An encrypted message send over a public network A low cost flexible Extranet technology

DNS and Addresses Computer/Device B Application Transport Network Datalink (IP Address 4 billion) (DNS Name) FE:23:A4:45:B3:2C (Mac Address)

Web TERMS HOME PAGE: WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s page WEBMASTER: Person in charge of Web site HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http): Communications standard used to transfer Web pages HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML): Popular document language for creating Web sites UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL): Address of specific Internet resource

URLs DOMAIN NAME Protocol Host Directory and file Registered Domain Major Domain

SEARCHING THE WEB FOR INFORMATION SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for locating specific sites or information on WWW PORTAL: Point of entry to WWW “PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: Server streams relevant content to browser MULTICASTING: Sending data to select group *

NEXT GENERATION INTERNET BROADBAND: Fiber optics and related technology will provide much higher delivery speed (target: 10 to 100 million bits per second to the desktop) INTERNET2: New protocols, higher transmission speed, interconnected gigapops (regional high-speed points-of-presence), connected to high-performance Backbone Network infrastructure. Will differentiate priorities of messages, provide video portals for lifelike video

THE WIRELESS WEB MOBILE COMMERCE (m-commerce) ACCESS TO WEB ON THE GO: Anywhere, any time, many functions INFORMATION-BASED SERVICES TRANSACTION-BASED SERVICES PERSONALIZED SERVICES *

INTRANET INTERNAL NETWORK WWW TECHNOLOGY FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent Invasion of Private Networks OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCES OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE *

EXTRANET ALLOWS SELECT USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS INTRANET: CUSTOMERS BUSINESS PARTNERS VENDORS

EXTRANET

INTERNET BENEFITS GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS REDUCED AGENCY COSTS INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATION ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE *

E-COMMERCE SERVER SOFTWARE SET UP ELECTRONIC STOREFRONT DESIGN ELECTRONIC SHOPPING CART MAKE SHIPPING ARRANGEMENTS LINK TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENT DISPLAY PRODUCT AVAILABILITY & TRACK SHIPMENTS CONNECT TO BACK-OFFICE SYSTEMS REPORT TRANSACTION *

CUSTOMER TRACKING TOOLS COLLECT & STORE DATA ON BEHAVIOR ANALYZE DATA IDENTIFY TRENDS CLICKSTREAM TRACKING: Collects detailed customer data, stores in log COLLABORATIVE FILTERING: Combines data on similar customers, predicts future behavior *

ADDITIONAL TOOLS WEB CONTENT MANAGEMENT: Assists Webmaster oversee large sites WEB SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING: Detects, analyzes, helps correct problems WEB HOSTING SERVICE: Maintains large Web server for subscribers *

POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH IT INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTIVITY & APPLICATION INTEGRATION LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE HIDDEN COSTS NETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY, BANDWIDTH *

8b-9 THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE