The Kennedy/Johnson Years pgs. 502 – 525 Time of peace / prosperity Section 1 - Kennedy & the Cold War Prior to 1960 election -  Rivalry betwn. U.S. & Russia Americans worried about : Who was President ?  Racial Discrimination  Cold War

Election of 1960 Similarities Differences  Born in 1900’s  Served in WW II  Elected to Congress/Senate  Supported fight against Cold War  Interested in Foreign Affairs  Wealthy, from Boston, MA  From CA, family struggled financially  Attended Harvard  Had to work while attending school  Political family  Respected as Vice- Pres. under Eisenhower

Homework Assignment :  Based on what you have just learned about the candidates Nixon and Kennedy, write a short paragraph (6 sentences minimum) about which candidate you would vote for in the 1960 election.  Format:  Name: Date :  Mr. Fash/Ms. Turdo Homework Assignment

Kennedy Defeats Nixon in 1960 Impact of TV – boiled down to how candidates looked, rather than what they said  Nixon – looked pale/exhausted refused to use makeup 4 televised debates  Kennedy– tanned, looked healthy charm, relaxed manner, humor  Kennedy won by 120,000 votes of 680 million popular votes  Votes in Texas and Illinois impt. to Kennedy win Largest voter turnout in U.S. history debate html

Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold War Urged build up of U.S. armed forces – “FLEXIBLE RESPONSE “  New Communist leader in Cuba – Fidel Castro Worried about :  U.S. nuclear missile forces weaker than Russian’s  Increased funding to Army & Navy  Money to Special Forces – Green Berets

Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold War  Containing Communism Worried about : Third World – developing nations that were NOT aligned with either U.S. or Soviet Union. LATIN AMERICA AFRICA ASIA

Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold War Initiated programs to economically/politically strengthen the Third World Peace Corp Alliance for Progress Technical Educational Health Services Economic Assistance to Latin American Countries Not a success Still in effect

Mexico Gambia

PEACE CORP PROJECT

Confronting Communism in Cuba ** Read 1 st paragraph, pg. 508,take notes Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis  1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba  U.S. spies discovered Soviet Union nuclear missile sights in Cuba  Was mismanaged, a failure, many died  Major U.S. cities and Panama Canal were targets  Approved by Kennedy & CIA  Made Kennedy look bad,he promised to resist “communist penetration” in Western Hemisphere  Nikita Krushchev removed missile sites, U.S. removed ships from Cuban waters.  Kennedy demanded missiles removed, sent ships to Cuba

show Peter Pan. Doc

Results of Cuban Missile Crisis  Krushchev lost respect of Russian citizens and other Russian leaders sought to take away some of his power.  Kennedy was viewed in the U.S. as a more mature & thoughtful leader who could handle serious problems and remain calm and firm.  “HOT LINE” – telephone system between Moscow and Washington,D.C. to improve communication,avert nuclear war.  Both leaders realized their countries had to get along ( DÉTENTE)

The White House to Kremlin “Hotline” Kennedy White House announced the creation of a teletype “Hotline” between the Kremlin and the White House. The Hotline was established in the aftermath to the Cuban Missile Crisis – to be used only in an emergency to ensure clear communication between the President and the Soviet Premier. The White House Hotline teletype machine was used for the first time for communication between President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexsei Kosygin during the Six Day War in the Middle East. The Hotline machine is on exhibit at the LBJ Library & Museum.”

The Berlin Crisis - read pg. 510  Krushchev wanted entire (West and East ) city of Berlin under Soviet control.  Soviet Union worried since skilled workers were moving to West Berlin (free from Communist control)  Kennedy sends 1,500 U.S. troops to West Berlin.  Soviets erect a wall between East and West Berlin.  Kennedy & Krushchev meet, do not get along, Cold War tensions increase