Systems 1 Stepping Through Microsoft ® Office 2003 – Introductory Also for use with Business Computer Information Systems - I Presentation Pro

Systems 2 What Makes Your Computer Go?

Systems 3 Types of Computer Systems Multiuser computers  Mainframes  Supercomputers  Minicomputers  Professional workstations Multiuser computers such as mainframes and professional workstations are generally used in a large company or government office.

Systems 4 Types of Systems (cont ’ d) Personal computers  Apple computers First available in 1976 User-friendly and graphics oriented  IBM and IBM-compatible computers First IBM in 1981 IBMs widely used in office settings Other companies created IBM clones Personal computers make it possible for people to use applications not only at work but at home, at school, while traveling— almost anywhere in the world.

Systems 5 Hardware Components ____________—physical components of a computer Hardware includes:  _________________

Systems 6 Hardware Components (cont ’ d) The system unit includes:  Motherboard  _________ _________  Plug-in boards  Internal speaker The motherboard contains the central processing unit (CPU), RAM and ROM chips, and expansion slots.

Systems 7 Hardware Components (cont ’ d) Input devices include:  _____________  ________ ________  Pointer or touchpad  Graphics tablet Input devices such as the __________and _______ transfer data into the system unit.

Systems 8 Hardware Components (cont ’ d) Output devices include:  __________ Flat-screen monitors save a great deal of room on a workstation or desk.

Systems 9 Hardware Components (cont ’ d) Storage devices include:  _________ _______  Secondary storage devices ________ ________ ____-_____ _______  Flash memory for small, handheld devices The ______ ______ is the storage device at the heart of most computer systems. Newer hard drives can hold over 40 GB of data.

Systems 10 Operating Systems ___________ _________—the software that oversees and controls computer operations A computer needs an operating system to:  Pass data to and from memory and peripheral devices  Run programs  Maintain the filing system for storage devices  Display the user interface

Systems 11 Operating Systems (cont ’ d) Computers run two types of software:  ________ software—operating system and utility programs that operate and maintain computer system  ___________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks The combination of computer system and operating system is the platform

Systems 12 Operating Systems (cont ’ d) Evolution of operating systems:  Unix  Xerox PARC system  MS-DOS  Windows  MacOS  Linux ___________ ________ is currently the most popular operating system in the world.

Systems 13 Utility Programs Utility programs perform “behind the scenes” duties Utility program duties include:  File management  Accessibility  Communication and entertainment  Security

Systems 14 Utility Programs (cont ’ d) File management utilities:  Cleaners  Error checking  Defragmentation  File compression  Backup Use a _________ utility to create a copy of data that you can turn to in case of disaster to restore data.

Systems 15 Utility Programs (cont ’ d) Accessibility utilities:  Screen magnifier  Screen reader  Onscreen keyboard  Speech recognition A utility such as Windows XP’s Magnifier gives a magnified view of the screen that can help sight- impaired users see screen details.

Systems 16 Utility Programs (cont ’ d) Communication and entertainment utilities:  Remote control  Small office/home office (SOHO) network setup  Internet setup  Sound recorder  Audio/video file players Windows’ Sound Recorder utility allows you to record speech or other sounds to add to presentations or other files.

Systems 17 Utility Programs (cont ’ d) Security utilities:  Antivirus  Firewalls  Data encryption  File wiping McAfee is a popular security utility that allows you to scan for viruses and set up a personal firewall.

Systems 18 Putting the Computer to Work

Systems 19 Application Software __________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks Application software can be categorized by:  How it is acquired  How it is used Tip To see what kind of application software is stored on your computer, click the ____ button and then click All Programs.

Systems 20 Application Software (cont ’ d) How software is acquired:  Commercial software—sold in retail stores or online, or “bundled” with a new computer  Custom (proprietary) software—developed by programmers for specific users  Shareware—sold in small groups by programmers  Freeware—distributed without cost by developer

Systems 21 Application Software (cont ’ d) How software is used:  Horizontal application software—designed to be used for a wide variety of purposes General productivity programs Graphics programs Browser and programs  Vertical application software—designed to be used for very specific purpose Games Educational programs

Systems 22 Application Software (cont ’ d) General productivity programs include:  Word processing programs--___________  Spreadsheet programs-- __________  Database management programs--__________  Presentation programs-- ____________  Personal information management programs Programs are packaged as:  Standalone (single) programs  Integrated programs  Program suites Integrated programs combine two or more programs into one program. Program suites are packages of standalone programs that can be used independently but allow for easy data sharing.

Systems 23 Application Software (cont ’ d) Graphics programs include:  Paint programs Images produced by “painting” pixels Paint images also called bit-map graphics Small files, but graphics cannot be resized  Draw programs Images produced using mathematical formulas Draw images also called vector graphics Large files, but graphics can easily be edited

Systems 24 Application Software (cont ’ d) Browser and programs include:  Web browsers Browsers allow you to display Web pages Browsers convert HTML code into formatting features such as fonts, margins, tables, and graphics  clients client programs send and receive messages programs also allow you to manage addresses, set up distribution lists, and attach files to messages

Systems 25 Telecommunications Telecommunications—technology of long- distance electronic communication Connection types:  Analog phone line  ISDN  DSL  Cable  Satellite Many people maintain Internet connections using satellite telecommunications.

Systems 26 Internet Communications To access the Internet, users need:  A computer with a browser  An Internet connection  An ________ ________ __________ (ISP) ISPs provide access to the Internet for their subscribers ISPs also provide other services such as  Users may also subscribe to an online service Online services provide direct access to information maintained outside the Internet

Systems 27 Internet Communications (cont ’ d) Types of Internet services include:  FTP  Internet relay chat  Instant messaging  Newsgroups and bulletin boards  E-commerce  Internet telephony  Video conferencing Video conferencing allows meeting participants at different locations to see and hear each other just as if in the same room.

Systems 28 Networks __________—two or more computers linked to each other by cabling or other media Types of networks:  Local area network (LAN)—connections within a home, an office, or a building  Metropolitan area network (MAN)—connections within a small region  Wide area network (WAN)—connections across long distances

Systems 29 Networks (cont ’ d) Network components:  Node—any device on a network  File servers—data storage for the nodes  Physical media—cabling or connections that transmit data on the network  Network interface card (NIC)—connects the computer to the network  Network operating system—establishes and maintains connections between nodes and file servers

Systems 30 Networks (cont ’ d) Network topologies include:  Bus topology—single cable runs the length of the network  Star topology—each node connects to a hub through which data travels to the file server  Ring topology—each node connects to the next in a circular arrangement

Systems 31 Networks (cont ’ d) Network protocols—standards that describe how different network devices communicate with each other When data is transmitted from a sending computer, it travels through layers  Each layer has a specific function and has its own protocols  A protocol stack is the series of layers through which data moves

Systems 32 Networks (cont ’ d) LAN standards  Ethernet Used with bus and star topologies Can transmit data at 10 Mbps; Fast Ethernet can transmit data at 100 Mbps  Token Ring Used with ring topology Can transmit data at 4 or 16 Mbps  LocalTalk Macintosh system uses phone cables and bus topology Can transmit data at 230 Kbps