Ancient Greek Architecture

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Greek Architecture

Early Greek Civilizations - Mycenaeans Lions Gate Cyclopean structure Gates around all their cities

Basis of Greek Architecture The Temple http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1sE5H7nAAA

A closer look at the parts of a temple Pediment Frieze Capital Column Shaft Base

The bottom of the Temple Capital Connecting piece between shaft and “cross beam” Column/Greek order Of which there are three kinds…doric, ionic and corinthian Base Consists of a foundation and steps on the outside

The top of the temple Pediment – the middle of the triangle – usually decorated Frieze – can be of a plain or ornate design – it is the top horizontal supporting beam

Doric Columns The plainest of all columns It tapers slightly as it gets higher

Ionic Columns The “medium ornate” columns Looks like an elaborate “I” or a ram’s horn

TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE

Corinthian Columns The MOST elaborate of all the columns Tends to look like a firework going off, producing lots of leaves and flowers

TEMPLE TO OLYMPIAN ZEUS

ERECTHEUM

PORCH OF THE MAIDENS

Important Ideas of Temples It’s allliiiivvvvveeeeee! Similarity to human body It flows It’s perfect!!!..the model for all of western architecture Measured units – the bottom radius of the column…uses the golden rectangle All other work was based off that number Greeks ♥ Being outside – it’s all OPEN

Golden Mean

Important Greek Structures you should be able to identify

The Parthenon (at the Acropolis)

Acropolis Plan

The Acropolis as a whole – a fortified agora on a hilltop

Amphitheaters… Theater of Dionysus, Athens

The Theater at Epidaurus perfect acoustics

Modern Day Connections: Buildings that use the Greek model for architecture

The NY Stock Exchange

The New York City Hall Building

The US Supreme Court Building

QUINCY MARKET (Boston, MA)– Uses the agora style

Greek Architecture Conclusion Architecture thus is part of the Western heritage of ideas that the Greeks began and which we still use today

GREEK SCULPTURE Archaic Period: 900-500 B.C. Classical Period: 500-350 B.C. Hellenistic Period: 350-100 B.C.

TWO TYPES OF SCULPTURE… in the round in relief

Archaic Sculpture: Stiff Blocky Arms at sides (males) Stylized Weight evenly balanced Left foot forward Archaic smile Male/kouros; female/kore Males usually nude, females clothed

archaic Kouros 525 B.C.

KORE females usually clothed one outstretched arm to offer something to the gods

THE TRANSITION… Classical. The Charioteer of Delphi 470 B.C. bronze

Transition: severe style.. Poseidon/Zeus c. 460 B.C. Found by fishermen in 1928

Classical Sculpture 7 heads tall Perfect Natural, not realistic No emotion on face Classical profile Before or after the action

Classical Spearbearer 440 B.C.

“Diadoumenos” 430 B. C. Attributed to Polykleitos

Classical ..Hermes with the infant Dionysus ..attributed to Praxiteles

Hellenistic Sculpture Often realistic, not perfect Emotion In action

Hellenistic NIKE OF SAMOTHRACE “WINGED VICTORY”

Hellenistic The Old Market Woman Metropolitan Museum of Art

Conclusion: The Romans conquered the Greeks in the 1st century B.C., and took many examples of Greek sculpture back to Rome to decorate both public and private spaces. The Greek ideals were copied by the Romans, who spread them all over the Mediterranean world.