Introduction to Interactive Media 04: Origins of Interactive Media and the Internet.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Tim Berners-Lee & the World Wide Web LCC 2700: Intro to Computational Media Fall 2005 David Jimison.
Advertisements

CSIS-390 History Dr. Eric Breimer. Syllabus 1. Google “Eric Breimer” 2. Click on first link 3. Click on CSIS Click on Syllabus.
Design & Developed by: EATL
Instructor: Jeff McCartney Phone: Fax: Office:GH 408 L.
The Internet An interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers linking biz’s, educational institutions, govt. agencies & individuals.
History of the Internet. Origins Late 1950’s: invention of the modem: modulator-demodulator or digital to analog ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Introduction to the Internet How did the Internet start? Why was the Internet developed? How does Internet handle the traffic? Why WWW changed the Internet.
11 Networks The Great Information Exchange. 2 Networking Fundamentals Computer network: Two or more computers connected together Each is a Node Benefits.
Timeline: History of the Internet: Vannavar Bush describes the memex; a hypothetical mechanical hypertext system where individuals could compress.
1 Internet History Internet made up of thousands of networks worldwide No one in charge of Internet - No governing body Internet backbone owned by private.
1 Accessing the Global Database The World Wide Web.
The WWW and HTML CMPT 281. Outline Hypertext The Internet The World-Wide-Web How the WWW works Web pages Markup HTML.
CSE 301 History of Computing The Internet. A Vision of Connecting the World – the Memex Proposed by Vannevar Bush "As We May Think" in Atlantic Monthly.
Lesson 2 — The Internet and the World Wide Web
Computers in Society Week 3: The Internet. Preliminaries There are two important things to know before we talk about the internet: Packet switching Standards.
Introduction to Internet
Internet and World Wide Web: Amazing Developments Internet- A large collection of computers all over the world that are connected to one another in various.
Royal Latin School. Spec Coverage: a) Explain the advantages of networking stand-alone computers into a local area network e) Describe the differences.
Department of Computer Science Dr. Ranette Halverson.
MULTIMEDIA REVOLUTION
Component 4: Introduction to Information and Computer Science Unit 1: Basic Computing Concepts, Including History Component 4/Unit 1 Health IT Workforce.
Introduction To Internet
HTML for ISD Brown Bag Presentation Session 1 Why?
MySQL and PHP Internet and WWW. Computer Basics A Single Computer.
History of the Internet and WWW. The Internet (computer network connected to other computer networks) Sputnik - first satellite wanted to create.
SC ICT Certification Level 1 09 What Is The Internet? By Ross Parker.
+ History of Computers By: Evan Alderman + What will we be talking about today? Slide 3 & 4: Early computers Slide 5: ARPA Slide 6 & 7: ARPANET & the.
Computer Application in Mass Comm.. What is Internet?  Interconnection of computers and computer networks using TCP/IP communication protocol  Transport.
Communication, Networks, The internet and the Worldwide Web.
The First Computer The Abacus At least 2500BC in Mesopotamia Used by merchants to calculate transactions.
Short History of Internet & e-Commerce Peter S. Vogel, Adjunct Copyright, Peter S. Vogel,
Networks.
HISTORY OF NETWORKS Early communication networks only allowed communications between the stations on the local network Connected to “central” mainframe.
Chapter 5 Networking and Communication. Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be able to: understand the history and.
INTERNET. Objectives Explain the origin of the Internet and describe how the Internet works. Explain the difference between the World Wide Web and the.
The Internet The History and Future of the Internet.
HISTORY OF INTERNET. THE BEGINNING OF THE INTERNET It will help in discussing the beginnings of the Internet to define what the Internet is. Now, you.
Component 4: Introduction to Information and Computer Science Unit 1: Basic Computing Concepts, Including History Lecture 5 This material was developed.
An Internet Overview Cyberspace Explorations Class BOLLI - Fall 2005.
World Wide Web “WWW”, "Web" or "W3". World Wide Web “WWW”, "Web" or "W3"
Introduction Lecture 1 CNET204 – Web Design with FrontPage Winter 2009 Centennial College.
Student Name Class Period The Internet.  Global system of interconnected computer networks  Serves billions of users  Millions of private, public,
How would you define a computer? Computers are... Electronic devices that receives (input), processes & stores data & produces a result (output).
World wide web; time line The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing.
In the Beginning…. The History of the Internet. Essential Questions  What factors drove the development of the Internet?  Who were the people involved.
Compiled by Prof. Wm Hitchcock. Need for Internet Stand alone computers Need for sharing resources Physical vs. Virtual access Security issues Centralized.
Internet Essentials.
Mas Idayu Sabri 2004 WXET1143: Introduction to the Internet, Intranet and Extranet. Lecture1: Introduction.
Founding Fathers of the Internet
CECS 474 Computer Network Interoperability Notes for Douglas E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets (5 th Edition) Tracy Bradley Maples, Ph.D. Computer.
Internet and World Wide Web
Introducing the World Wide Web History and Structure.
JavaScript and Ajax (Internet Background) Week 1 Web site:
The Internet MIT2000. Theoretical Predecessors Encyclopaedia ◦Encyclopédie  Denis Diderot ◦Encyclopaedia Britannica (1768) Knowledge and power ◦Political.
COM: 111 Introduction to Computer Applications Department of Information & Communication Technology Panayiotis Christodoulou.
The types of computers and their functionalities.
The Development of Internet CANDICE BAIJING WANG COM 9660 SEL TOPICS/CORP COMM SUMMER 2016.
Y490 Politics of the Internet September 25, 2012.
 World wide web is a set of protocols that allows you to access any document on the net through the naming system based on URLs. www also specifies the.
Introduction to Interactive Media The Multimedia Revolution.
The Internet , Digital Media, and Media Convergence
Introduction to the Web
JavaScript and Ajax (Internet Background)
CNIT 131 Internet Basics & Beginning HTML
Computer Concept What is a computer?
A Brief History of the Internet
Lecture 1: Facts of network technologies developments
Information Retrieval and Web Design
Lecture 1: Facts of network technologies developments
Lecture 1: Facts of network technologies developments
Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Interactive Media 04: Origins of Interactive Media and the Internet

Introduction to Interactive Media WHEN DID THIS ALL BEGIN?

Introduction to Interactive Media A new field… First interactive kiosk in 1977 World Wide Web was not invented until 1991

Introduction to Interactive Media Interactive Media is tied to the Internet Some interactive digital media does not run on the Internet (standalone museum kiosks, video games) This is becoming less common as Internet connectivity is more pervasive, speeds increase and applications take advantage of networking possibilities. The Internet is the NETWORK that delivers a great deal of interactive content.

Introduction to Interactive Media WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INTERNET AND THE WEB?

Introduction to Interactive Media The Internet is not the Web. The Internet is a network and the Web is an application running on it. However, the Web did play a large role in the surge of Internet usage.

Introduction to Interactive Media WE ARE GETTING AHEAD OF OURSELVES…WHEN DID IT ALL BEGIN

Introduction to Interactive Media Alan Turing ( ) “Father of the modern computer” British mathematician. “if we can think of a way to do something, the computer can do it for us.” Proposed a “Turing Machine”

Introduction to Interactive Media Vannevar Bush (1890 – 1974) “Father of interactive media.” Proposed the Memex, a machine that would allow a research to record “trails of interest” connecting one document to another via a series of links. K58eeshttp:// K58ees

Introduction to Interactive Media J.C.R. Licklider, a.k.a “Lick” A fundamental pioneer in the call for a global network Articulated ideas in 1960 paper, Man-Computer Symbiosis –“A network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines [which provided] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions.” – J.C.R. Licklider 97PlMeal4 (2:05 – 3:30) 97PlMeal4

Introduction to Interactive Media Ted Nelson American philosopher and pioneer of Internet technology. Described a system “Project Xanadu” in 1974 – very much like the WWW. &feature=relmfu (6:32 – 7:07) &feature=relmfu feature=plcp (7:55 – 8:43) feature=plcp

Introduction to Interactive Media THESE WERE ALL THEORISTS – WHO ACTUALLY BUILT THE INTERNET?

Introduction to Interactive Media In the 1960s mainframe computers were only used at research institutions and government. Big, expensive and couldn’t do much. “Timesharing” was required – people shared time on the computer system. The Internet began in the 60s

Introduction to Interactive Media Invention of the Internet Started as a government project funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects (DARPA) Bob Taylor worked for DARPA at the Pentagon and secured the funds Motivation was to connect computers at research universities to be able to share time on each other’s computers. Called it the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) (3:30 – 5:25, 6:45 – 7:07)

Introduction to Interactive Media U.S. Gov put out a RFP (request for proposals) to build the Arpanet. BBN (Boston, MA based company) won the contract “We could build it buy why would you want it?” ature=relmfu (2:46 – 4:26) ature=relmfu Government had the money… but who would build it?

Introduction to Interactive Media How did it work? First two computers networked were UCLA and Stanford. They did this by sending data across telephone lines. Data was sent in packets using a technique called “packet switching”. ature=relmfu (4:55 -9:16) ature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media Internet Built… But Not Used Universities connected… but very little usage. Hard to work on other people’s systems (different types of computers, OS, applications, etc…)

Introduction to Interactive Media the killer app invented by a BB&N employee named Ray Tomlinson. –“just a hack” What happened to Internet traffic? The Internet began to thrive when it realized it’s potential as a communication medium. ature=relmfu (6:31 – 8:33) ature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media WHEN DID REGULAR PEOPLE GET TO USE THE INTERNET?

Introduction to Interactive Media Networks Needed to Be Connected After the ARPANET was started – other networks sprouted up. Protocols needed to be established to allow computers on different networks to communicate with one another. Solution: TCP/IP ature=relmfu (4:06 – 6:34) ature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media 1980s – Personal Computer In the 1980s - Internet usage was limited. First personal computers started emerging in the late 1970s. Modems commercially available. Command line interface was difficult to use.

Introduction to Interactive Media WHY DID THE PERSONAL COMPUTER BECOME MORE POPULAR IN THE 1980S?

Introduction to Interactive Media Invention of GUI Operating a computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) was much easier because all the user had to do was point and click and not memorize a bunch of commands. Command line interfaceGUI interface

Introduction to Interactive Media GUI invented at Xerox PARC Xerox PARC was a research arm of Xerox Corp. Mouse invented by Douglas Englebart at Xerox PARC in –Englebart was inspired by Vannevar Bush Englebart never received royalties for his invention.

Introduction to Interactive Media Xerox PARC did not Sell Tech Steve Jobs licensed the GUI / Mouse technology from Xerox PARC (for $40,000) Not the only time Xerox PARC failed to capitalize on inventions.

Introduction to Interactive Media Apple: an OS with a GUI Apple LISA – st computer with GUI (did not sell well) Apple’s Macintosh introduced in –Had a Graphical User interface (GUI) and a “mouse.” A GUI OS made computers much easier to use because instead of having to know the commands to run a program, the user could simply click on what they wanted. Jg&feature=fvsthttp:// Jg&feature=fvst

Introduction to Interactive Media Microsoft embraces a GUI OS Success of the Macintosh prompted Microsoft to introduce “Windows” a GUI OS for PCs.

Introduction to Interactive Media Innovations in Networking Helped Grow the Internet The ability to network computers together to share resources also spurred on the growth of the Internet. –LANS – local area networks –WANS – wide area networks

Introduction to Interactive Media LANs: Hardware Hardware –The Ethernet standard for networking was another technology invented at Xerox PARC – but taken by it’s creator (Bob Metcalf) and launched via a new company (3COM). – eature=relmfu (4:30 – 7:00) eature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media LANs: Software Software –Microsoft was left in the dust by Novell in the development of LAN software. –Motivated tried to buy Novell then partner with 3COM and develop Microsoft OS2 LAN Manager – feature=relmfu (1:06 – 5:58) feature=relmfu – &feature=relmfu (:35 - 5:08) &feature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media WANs How do you network different networks together? Hardware needed to be developed: bridges and routers Created by Len and Sandy Bosack (Stanford professors) ure=relmfu (45:21 – 50:25) ure=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media WHY DID THE INTERNET EXPERIENCE EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN THE 1990S?

Introduction to Interactive Media Internet Growth in the 1990s Greater availability of personal computers Personal computers easier to use Better modem technology Biggest Factor: Invention of WWW

Introduction to Interactive Media WWW Invented in 1991 WWW invented by Tim Berners Lee at the CERN Lab in Switzerland. He was trying to devise a way that researchers could publish their findings, make the immediately available for other people to view and easily publish/update information. He created the first browser. ture=relmfu (3:54 – 6:29) ture=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media The dot.com boom In 1995 congress repealed the law the prohibited buying and selling over the Internet. As a result, in the late 1990s we saw an explosion of ecommerce sites emerge. wSiAJSw&feature=relmfu (11:15 – 12:29) wSiAJSw&feature=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media WWW like the Macintosh? The growth of internet usage after the introduction of the WWW is analogous to the growth in popularity of the Apple Macintosh A GUI made both the personal computer and the Internet much easier to use. ture=relmfu (12:32 – 13:13) ture=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media Invention of Browser Marc Andresen, a U. of Illinois college student invented a browser on his own (called Mosaic). It became very popular. (became Netscape). ture=relmfu (13:13 -18:44) ture=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media Netscape vs. Internet Explorer Microsoft wanted to capture some of the business that Netscape was cornering with their browser. Microsoft introduces Internet Explorer and gives it away with their operating system. This hurt Netscape’s bottom line. ture=relmfu (49: :13) ture=relmfu

Introduction to Interactive Media HOW HAS INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MEDIA EVOLVED IN THE 2000S AND BEYOND?

Introduction to Interactive Media Adaptive Web Sites Web sites became less static and more dynamic – adapting to the user.

Introduction to Interactive Media Content Management Systems Web site owners want ability to manage their own content. Different content management systems emerge. –Adobe Contribute (software) –CMS architectures Wordpress, Joomla, Drupal Custom solutions

Introduction to Interactive Media Web 2.0 Signifies a new way we are using the Web Collaborative systems: blogs, wikis, on- line reviews, etc… Everyone is becoming increasingly more of a content creator.

Introduction to Interactive Media Birth of Social Media MySpace founded in Wordpress founded in Facebook founded in Twitter founded in 2006.

Introduction to Interactive Media New Hardware for Experiencing Web st Smartphone: Palm Kyocera s – Microsoft Tablet PC – not successful 2010 – Birth of iPad. Emergence of smartphones and tablets create new challenges for web developers.

Introduction to Interactive Media WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET?