Early Human Migration People Move out of Africa (main idea) Olduvai Gorge

MIGRATION Migration: The act of moving from one place to another with the intent to live in another place permanently or for a longer period of time. FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD

Early Human Migration

The Ice Ages - What are the ice ages? - About 1.6 million years ago many places began to experience freezing weather. These freezing times are called ice ages. - How do you think early humans adapted to this ice age?

Push vs. Pull Factors Push factors: Negative reasons for wanting to leave a place (emigrate). Examples of push factors are a lack of food or water, natural disasters, a lack of jobs, and wars. Pull factors: Positive reasons for wanting to move to a place (immigrate). Examples of pull factors are more food and water, a better climate, higher wages, and freedom. Source: “What is Human Migration?” National Geographic Society. Available online at: FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD

When did early humans settle new lands? Draw arrows on your world map showing the following migrations of early humans: –Ancestors of modern humans began migrating 2 million years ago  the entire process took hundreds of thousands of years –100,000 years ago = began to migrate from East Africa to southern and northern Africa and southeast Asia. –From there to Australia and Europe –Finally from northern Asia to North America and finally South America. –By 9,000 B.C.E., humans lived on all continents of the world except Antarctica

How did they get there? People moved out of Africa as the Earth’s climates changed. (main idea) What is a land bridge? It is a strip of land connecting two continents. Beringia: between China and North America Indo-Australia: between Indonesia and Australia Beringia Indo-Australia

Early Humans Adapt to New Environments Why did humans build shelters? –Because they migrated to colder climates. Types of shelters? –Caves, underground pit houses, tents made of animal skins and bones, wooden, stone structures Pit house cave

More Early Human Houses

Early Human Clothing How did people adapt to new environments? –They made new clothing and new types of tools. How did they make clothing? –They sewed animal skins together to make clothing for protection.

Push/Pull Activity 1.Read the “Early Humans Settle Around the World” article 2.On the next page, read each situation and determine the reason for the migration and whether it was because of a push or pull factor. 3.Make sure you are able to explain your answers. 4.We will go over this activity as a class in 15 minutes.

RAFT Activity Complete for homework, if needed Role, Audience, Format, Topic R = you are an early human writing a journal entry in the year 15,000 B.C.E. A = your relatives or archaeologists that will dig up your journal thousands of years from the time you write it F = journal entry (Dear Journal, Dear Diary, etc.) T = explain where you live and why you and your family might migrate based on push and pull factors (include where you would go, how you would get there, why it’s a smart idea to migrate, how you would have to adapt to your new environment etc.)