PowerPoint Study Guide For Australia

Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map: Great Barrier Reef Coral Sea Ayers Rock Great Victoria Desert

Ayers Rock “Uluru” Great Victoria Desert Coral Sea Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean

Watch stolen presentation now -physical-and-political-features -physical-and-political-features Pull out your maps as we go over slide show to follow along please.

Australia’s Political Features 6 States-Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland 2 Territories (really 3 but we only count 2)-Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory (Canberra)

Where Do People Live?

Nearly 80% of Australians live in urban areas – Australia is one of the world’s most urbanized countries (people live in cities) 70% of all Australians live in cities of more than 100,000 people – Sydney has 3 1/2 million people – Melbourne has about 3 million people Location

Climate Natural Resources Where do People Live? Trade -Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s -Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold) -80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas -Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept) North – TropicalCentral- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions) Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold) Arable Land for Farming & Grazing Minerals- Many (Iron, Copper, Tin, Gold, Etc.) Energy- Coal, Oil, Natural Gas ***ABUNDANT RESOURCES*** Major Partners- Japan, China, & United States Major Exports- Coal, Iron, Gold, Meat, Wool, Aluminum, Wheat Currency- Australian Dollar *Exchange Rate (3/11/2011)→ 1USD = 1.29 AD

Early Aboriginal Culture Aborigines usually lived and traveled in small groups called clans. Clans included one to five families. They shared a common language and religion. Neighboring clans often traded food, tools, and other goods. (Traditional Economy)

Where did the 1 st Inhabitants of Australia Come from? How did they get there? When did they get there? Economy Government (Organization of Society) Beliefs Cultural Expression(s) Most Likely Southeast Asia Possibly by watercraft (small rafts) *Some areas may not have been covered in water as they are today (New Guinea & Australia may have been one landmass) Approximately 40,000 years ago Traditional – Hunting & Gathering Animism – Interconnected w/ nature Origin Mythology – “Dreamtime” Visual – Dot Art Musical – Didgeridoo Oral Storytelling Tribal (varied from group-to-group) Autocratic- Ruled by a chief Oligarchic- Ruled by a group of elders Democratic- group made decisions by consensus

What is “Dreamtime”? Aboriginal spirituality entails a close relationship between humans and the land. Aborigines call the beginning of the world the "Dreaming," or "Dreamtime." In the "Dreamtime," aboriginal "Ancestors" rose from below the earth to form various parts of nature including animal species, bodies of water, and the sky.animal species

Animism= the belief that all things in nature have a soul. Unlike other religions, however, aboriginal belief does not place the human species apart from or on a higher level than nature. Aborigines believe some of the Ancestors metamorphosed into nature (as in rock formations or rivers), where they remain spiritually alive. Read more: Aboriginal Australia: History, Culture, and Conflict inal1.html#ixzz3XBdYNE00Aboriginal Australia: History, Culture, and Conflicthttp:// inal1.html#ixzz3XBdYNE00

When did the British find Australia? Why did the British Want to colonize Australia? Who were some of the 1 st settlers To arrive in Australia? What was the relationship between the Aborigines & the British at first? How did this change & why? How did British colonialism Affect Aborigines negatively? What is the most widespread language & religion in Australia today? Discovery st prisoners arrive st Free Settlers Arrive -Good base for Royal Navy in the Pacific -Easy access to far eastern trading partners -Penal Colony for British Prisoners PRISONERS : Sent to perform hard labor & build colonial towns Positive/Good: Aborigines helped them learn to survive in harsh conditions Good to Bad→ Aborigines were forced off traditional lands & tried to fight the British settlers Many died fighting the British Diseases killed approx. ½ of the Aborigines The Aborigines that survived suffered in poverty & lower class social status Language – English (78.5%) Religion – Christianity (Catholic- 25.8%; Anglican-18.7%) Source: CIA World Fact Book

Type of Government Distribution of Power Citizen Participation Type of Representative Democracy Head of Govt. (How does he/she get the job?) Legislature (Law-Making Body) Role of Citizens Voting: Personal Freedoms: Prime Minister: Tony Abbott- Australian Labor Party *is elected/chosen by the Parliament, NOT directly by the people like the U.S. Federal Parliamentary Democracy FEDERAL: 6 States & 2 Territories Central Govt./Capital – Canberra (Australian Capital Territory) HIGH- Representative Democracy Parliamentary Federal Parliament (2 Houses) Senate & House of Representatives Mandatory voting (18yrs. & older) Similar to ours: Freedom of Speech, Religion, Voting, etc.

Parliamentary Presidential Legislature has the most power Separation of Powers within Central Govt. Prime Minister is Head of Govt. President is Head of Govt. Head of Govt. is elected by the people Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt. New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign Legislature has the most power Separation of Powers within Central Govt. Prime Minister is Head of Govt. President is Head of Govt. Head of Govt. is elected by the people Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt. New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign

Australian Economic Data Source: CIA World Fact Book Exports Exports: World Rank: Export Partners: Major Exports: Imports Imports: World Rank: Import Partners: Major Imports: $210.7 Billion est China 21.81%, Japan 19.19%, South Korea 7.88%, India 7.51%, US 4.95%, UK 4.37%, NZ 4.1% coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment $200.4 Billion est China 17.94%, US 11.26%, Japan 8.36%, Thailand 5.81%, Singapore 5.54%, Germany 5.3% machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products