Computers: Information Technology in Perspective By Long and Long Copyright 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc. Information Technology in Perspective Introduction & 2013 J. Holvikivi

Quit 1.2 What is IT? Information Technology is the integration of computing technology and information processing. ICTs – information and communication technologies Information Technology is the integration of computing technology and information processing. ICTs – information and communication technologies

Quit ICT  Computer science  Communication technologies  Information and data management  Information and network security  Software engineering  Applications  Global positioning 1.3

Quit 1.4 Technology Revolution  Changing workplaces through global continuous access of data and distant communication  Enabling technologies, embedded systems, multipurpose devices  Chips and processors in any gadget, RFID, GPS, etc.  New interfaces: touch, voice, face recognition  Networks: cable and wireless  Data and applications in the cloud  Remote monitoring and control  Internet of Things (IoT)

Quit 1.5 Technology Revolution  Effects on society and all aspects of life Banking, shopping, cashless society Education Social media, connections Music, photos, games, entertainment Health care, telemedicine and disabilities  Social change and crowd activities  On-line voting  Security of information; privacy  Location specific applications

Quit 1.6 Evolution of Computing s mid- 1970s 2001 No Computers PCs introduced! Very expensive computers for large companies. Computer professionals ran the show. Powerful PCs on every desktop. Explosion of applications. Networking. Data and hardware mobile; flexible uses 2011

Quit OUTPUTOUTPUT Information Data PROCESSPROCESS Data vs. Information INPUTINPUT

Quit 1.8 Binary Digits (Bits) Only 2 states possible On Off Fiber Optic Cable } Light Pulse No Light Pulse Permanently stored on CD-ROM } Pitted Not Pitted Inside the computer’s memory (RAM) } Electronic pulse present Electronic pulse absent Permanently stored on disks } Positive magnetic field Negative magnetic field } Human readable symbols On 1 Off 0

Quit 1.9 Hierarchy of Data Organization  Bit: 0 or 1  Character: same as a byte; encoded with ASCII, Unicode  File: an entity with a name  Database Data provide the fuel for the computer system.

Quit Computer Files  ASCII file (txt), Unicode  Data file  Document file: doc, docx, odt, pdf, xps  Spreadsheet file  Source program file.js  Executable program file.exe  Graphics file  Audio file mp3  Video file.txt.mdb.vdp.xls.html.gif.bmp.jpg.exe.tif.wav.mov

Quit File Name Conventions 2001 Resume.doc separated by a period file extension (1 - 4 characters, optional) filename (up to 255 chars)

Quit 1.12 What do we do with files?  Create, name, save  Copy, move, delete  Retrieve, update  Display, play, print  Execute  Create, name, save  Copy, move, delete  Retrieve, update  Display, play, print  Execute  Download, upload  Export, import  Compress (zip/unzip)  Protect  Download, upload  Export, import  Compress (zip/unzip)  Protect

Quit Hardware Basics INPUT PROCESS ChipsChips RAMRAM PeripheralsPeripherals STORAGE OUTPUT SoftcopySoftcopy HardcopyHardcopy Computer System Components

Quit 1.14 Computing Power is the key! Computer Systems Basics Portable devices Workstations Server Computers Embedded systems Supercomputers Pocket devices Personal Computers

Quit 1.15 Software Basics  Programs Application Software Performs specific task for user System Software Manage, maintain & control system resources

Quit 1.16 What Can Computers Do?  Input/Output operations Reads input Writes output  Processing operations Math (computation) Decision making (logic) Photo courtesy of Imation Corporation

Quit Hardware Software People Procedures Data Communications Information access Word Processing Spreadsheets Database Graphics/Presentation PIM Using Computers Information Systems Personal Computing Surfing Communication Education & Reference Entertainment & Edutainment Science, Research & Engineering

Quit 1.18 IT Competency Feel comfortable with computers and ICT Make computer systems work for you Generate input/ interpret output Comfortable in cyberspace and networks Understand impact on society Intelligent consumer of hardware and software Be conversant in computerese The pursuit of IT competency is a never-ending pursuit because IT is always changing. Emerging from a nice-to-have skill to a job-critical skill.

Computers: Information Technology in Perspective By Long and Long Copyright 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc. The Technology Revolution The End