How Stuxnet changed the landscape for plant engineers Richard Trout, Director for Client Solutions, Trout I.T.

Introduction This presentation is not: This presentation is not: A technical discoveryA technical discovery A landmark engineering projectA landmark engineering project About an innovative new processAbout an innovative new process Engineers in SocietyEngineers in Society It is about a mystery It is about a mystery

Natanz Uranium Enrichment Plant January 2010 IAEA inspection anomaly January 2010 IAEA inspection anomaly Centrifuge replacementCentrifuge replacement

VirusBlokAda June June Computer reboot loop in IranComputer reboot loop in Iran Rare Zero Day ExploitRare Zero Day Exploit Microsoft labels as ‘Stuxnet’Microsoft labels as ‘Stuxnet’ Identified 3 versions dating from June 2009Identified 3 versions dating from June 2009 Targets Siemens Simatic systemsTargets Siemens Simatic systems

Perseverance July 2010 July 2010 Liam O Murchu, SymantecLiam O Murchu, Symantec Many unusual characteristics Many unusual characteristics 500kb of code > 10kb code500kb of code > 10kb code Not an obvious class of malwareNot an obvious class of malware First to hide Windows DLL in memoryFirst to hide Windows DLL in memory Modular components for modificationModular components for modification

Sinkhole

More ZDE’s Hard-coded password vulnerability in Siemens Step7 Hard-coded password vulnerability in Siemens Step7 Local network and devices Local network and devices

Timeline June 2008 ISIS notes centrifuge susceptibility June 2008 ISIS notes centrifuge susceptibility June 2009 June 2009 oldest Stuxnet in wildoldest Stuxnet in wild 12 centrifuges known operating at Natanz A2612 centrifuges known operating at Natanz A26 August 2009 only 10 cascades operating August 2009 only 10 cascades operating Early 2010 IAEA finds high centrifuge replacement Early 2010 IAEA finds high centrifuge replacement February of 3 Natanz modules unproductive February of 3 Natanz modules unproductive June 2010 VirusBlokAda June 2010 VirusBlokAda July 2010 Symantec identifies Iran target July 2010 Symantec identifies Iran target

Conspiracy Theory February 2003 Natanz enrichment facility February 2003 Natanz enrichment facility USA Iran tensions USA Iran tensions April ,000 centrifuges in defiance of UN order April ,000 centrifuges in defiance of UN order January 2009 NYT covert operation January 2009 NYT covert operation September 2009 US ultimatum to Iran September 2009 US ultimatum to Iran November 2010 assassination attempts November 2010 assassination attempts

Smoking Gun

Ralph Langer Ralph Langer Industrial control system securityIndustrial control system security September 16 accusations September 16 accusations Targeting a specific Siemens installationTargeting a specific Siemens installation Bushehr nuclear power plantBushehr nuclear power plant Stuxnet a product of government agencyStuxnet a product of government agency Targeting enrichment centrifugesTargeting enrichment centrifuges

Whodunnit? Kim Zetter, Wired.com July 2011 Kim Zetter, Wired.com July 2011

Key Points Stuxnet was the first publicly identified malware to target an industrial control system Stuxnet was the first publicly identified malware to target an industrial control system Disclosure practises of Siemens for computer security were criticised Disclosure practises of Siemens for computer security were criticised Stuxnet Zero Day Exploits had been previously identified Stuxnet Zero Day Exploits had been previously identified Stuxnet’s was not typical and exploited local networks and devices Stuxnet’s was not typical and exploited local networks and devices

A New Landscape Typical plant networks (LAN and PLC) are vulnerable to the same exploits used by Stuxnet Typical plant networks (LAN and PLC) are vulnerable to the same exploits used by Stuxnet Are vendors prepared? Are vendors prepared? Change control practises and security maintenance Change control practises and security maintenance Long history of virus evolution Long history of virus evolution The black hats of computer security The black hats of computer security Agency involvement Agency involvement

Coming Soon To a plant near you To a plant near you

Further Reading “How Digital Detectives Deciphered Stuxnet, the Most Menacing Malware in History” “How Digital Detectives Deciphered Stuxnet, the Most Menacing Malware in History” This presentation draws heavily from Kim Zetter’s story for Wired.com, and is used with permissionThis presentation draws heavily from Kim Zetter’s story for Wired.com, and is used with permission Buy the book – coming soon!Buy the book – coming soon! Ralph Langner’s 16 September findings Ralph Langner’s 16 September findings hours-mesz/#more-217http:// hours-mesz/#more-217 Symantec’s Stuxnet analysis Symantec’s Stuxnet analysis network-informationhttp:// network-information

About the Presenter Richard Trout Director of Client Solutions, Trout I.T. Trout Director of Client Solutions, Trout I.T. Please for copies of the presentation or information on Stuxnet and DuquPlease for copies of the presentation or information on Stuxnet and Duqu