The REQUIRED textbook for this course is: Author/Title: Essentials of Oceanography, 8/e Alan P. Trujillo Course/Section: Oceanography 251 Professor: Dr. John Wormuth This text is a crucial resource for:  Test Preparation  Homework assignments  Reading assignments

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Planet “Earth”

01_02

Over 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes determines the circumference of the earth within 1% of today’s measurements.

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude

The angle formed by the horizon and the North Star measures our latitude.

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world

Map of the World (about 1570 AD)

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer

Developed by John Harrison, a carpenter by trade, in the mid-1700’s. It weighed about 40 kilograms.

Harrison’s final chronometer. It weighed about 2 kgs.

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer Ben Franklin publishes an early chart of the Gulf Stream

Benjamin Franklin

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer Ben Franklin publishes an early chart of the Gulf Stream five year cruise of the BEAGLE

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer five year cruise of the BEAGLE

Impediments to early ocean exploration –determination of latitude and longitude Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world first good chronometer five year cruise of the BEAGLE CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise

A bottom dredge used to collect bottom-living organisms in the deep sea.

CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise Marine Biological Laboratory founded in Woods Hole Massachusetts Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM

Fridtjof Nansen

CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise Marine Biological Laboratory founded in Woods Hole Massachusetts Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM Alfred Wegner lectures on continental drift

Alfred Wegner

Scripps Institution of Oceanography becomes affiliated with the UC System

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution founded

Scripps Institution of Oceanography becomes affiliated with the UC System Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution founded Texas A&M Department of Oceanography and Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory founded TRIESTE reaches 10,915m in the Marianas Trench

The Trieste

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring Scripps Institution of Oceanography develops FLIP (Floating Laboratory and Instrument Platform)

FLIP

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific

Monster Bouy

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations

GLOMAR CHALLENGER

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents

ALVIN

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents Seasat is launched (first oceanographic satellite)

Seasat

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents Seasat is launched (first oceanographic satellite) JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces GLOMAR CHALLENGER

GLOMAR EXPLORER

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents Seasat is launched (first oceanographic satellite) JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces GLOMAR CHALLENGER JASON finds the wreck of the TITANIC

Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents Seasat is launched (first oceanographic satellite) JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces GLOMAR CHALLENGER JASON finds the wreck of the TITANIC TOPEX/Poseidon launched

TOPEX / Poseidon

Scientific method Fig. 1.9