Water, Heat, and Climate. Heat Capacity The amount of heat input required to raise the temperature of a 1 g of a substance by 1 o C. 1 Cal g. o C.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Heat and Air Temperature

Advertisements

The Earth’s Constant Temperature Science 10. Specific Heat Capacity of Water  Water has a high specific heat. Specific heat is the amount of energy required.

Weather Essentials Concept Map

Heating of the Earth. Temperature Layers of the Atmosphere.

Winds and Ocean Currents. Latent Heat Transport 580 cal/g Surface wind Surface wind.

SC.D CS The student knows that the water cycle is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the topography of the land. Content Limits: Items will.

Heating the Earth Air Pressure

Weather and Climate Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at any given time or place Climate is the weather conditions in an area averaged over along.

Earth’s Climate System (part 2) revisiting the radiation budget heat capacity heat transfer circulation of atmosphere (winds) Coriolis Effect circulation.

More Weather. Coriolis Effect the effect of Earth’s rotation on movement of air masses.

Factors That Affect Climate (Temp and Precipitation) Latitude, Elevation, Global Winds, Proximity to Water, Ocean Currents.

Thermal Properties of Matter

THE QUANTITY OF HEAT The thermal energy lost or gained by objects is called heat. One calorie (cal) is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature.

Unusual Properties of Water

The Water Cycle The student knows that the water cycle is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the topography of the land. Today, we are going study.

How does atmospheric pressure distribute energy?

Weather Intro Weather Weather is caused by the unequal heating of the surface of the planet. This occurs in two ways.

EARTH’S CLIMATE. Latitude – distance north or south of equator Elevation – height above sea level Topography – features on land Water Bodies – lakes and.

Earth's Atmosphere Troposphere- the layer closest to Earth's surface extending roughly 16 km (10 miles) above Earth. Densest – N, O, & water vapor Stratosphere-

Properties of Water Specific Heat & Phase Changes.

The Water Cycle An original Power Point presentation by Lindsey Durham.

Unit 12 Name: ________________________ Notes Packet Unit 12 – Weather Variables What’s the weather today?

Questions for Today:  What is Weather and Climate?  What are four major factors that determine Global Air Circulation?  How do Ocean Currents affect.

S6E2.c. relate the tilt of earth to the distribution of sunlight through the year and its effect on climate.

Science Jeopardy Prop. Of AirHeat TransferWindsWater.

Heat Energy Transfer SNC2D.

Chapter 3 cont. (Heat & Temperatures). Heat & Temperature Basics temperature: the energy of molecular movement heat: a measure of the amount of energy.

Lecture 2: Energy in the Atmosphere Vertical structure of the static atmosphere Basics from physics: force, work, heat Transferring energy in the atmosphere.

Global Climates and Biomes

Lecture #2 Weather. Convection and Atmospheric Pressure Much of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is used to evaporate water. – Energy stored in water.

Chapter 4 Global Climates and Biomes.  Weather – the short term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area  Includes: temperature, humidity, clouds,

Solar Energy Winds Convection Climate Zones global.

Wind & Climate Wind – the horizontal movement of air. Low pressure – warm air rising. High pressure – cold air falling. Winds always blow from high pressure.

Calorie (energy) Calculations A calorie is defined as the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

CLIMATE CHAPTER 3:. All of the world’s climates take place in the atmosphere: 1.its protects us from harmful things from space 2.gives us air 3.gives.

Chapter 4 Global Climate and Biomes. Earth Regions near the equator (0 o ) receive light at 90 o High latitudes receive light at low angles 1.Sun rays.

World Geography Weather and Climate. Factors that affect climate I. The Sun and Latitude: –Tilt of the earth as the planet revolves around the Sun. Determines.

Solar Energy & The Greenhouse Effect The driving energy source for heating of Earth and circulation in Earth’s atmosphere is solar energy (AKA the Sun).

Climate Factors. Climate Average weather conditions of a region, or the weather patterns that occur over many years.

2 types of Heat Energy Kinetic Energy – is energy in motion. Temperature is the average KE of molecules Potential Energy – is energy in storage aka latent.

Heating of the Earth. Temperature Layers of the Atmosphere.

Heat Transfer. Heat is responsible for changing matter from one phase to another Heat energizes the particles, adds temperature, and makes the atoms and.

Objectives: Provided with necessary materials and instruction, the students will be able to: 1.Define heat, specific heat, latent heat of fusion and latent.

ENERGY IN EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE How does energy enter the atmosphere?

 Thermal Energy: is the total energy of all the particles of an object.  T.E. depends on the temperature of an object or liquid.  Temperature: is a.

Unit 11 Lesson 6 Climate Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1.

Heating of the Earth. Temperature Layers of the Atmosphere.

What process produces “heat” in our Sun? In other words, where does the Sun’s energy come from? ______________________________.

Science 7 – Unit C: Heat and Temperature Topic 5: The Particle Model and Changes of State.

Fact Statements.  Surface currents are mainly caused by prevailing winds.  Their flow is controlled by the winds, Earth’s rotation and location of the.

Temperature Chapter 46 What is Temperature? Temperature is a measure of how hot something is. To measure temperature accurately we use a thermometer.

Water Cycle, Cloud Formation, and Severe Weather.

Water is a substance that is found on earth and in the atmosphere in all three phases of matter.

Solar Energy 6-4.7, Solar Energy Comes from the sun Causes the atmosphere to move (wind) Can be absorbed or bounced off the atmosphere Without.

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Ocean Currents

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Ocean Currents

DO NOW Pick up notes and Review #16 Turn in Review #15

Section 7.3—Changes in State

Heating and Cooling Curves

Solar-Weather-Ocean Unit Notes

Solar-Weather-Ocean Unit Notes

Moderation of Coastal Climates

Weather and Climate.

Chapter 3 cont. (Heat & Temperatures)

Thermodynamics!.

What Causes Weather?.

Presentation transcript:

Water, Heat, and Climate

Heat Capacity The amount of heat input required to raise the temperature of a 1 g of a substance by 1 o C. 1 Cal g. o C

Heat Capacity of Liquids Water1.00 cal/g · o C Alcohol0.52 Oil0.38 Mercury0.03 The amount of heat (calories) required raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by 1 o Celsius.

Temperatures of large standing bodies of water remain relatively constant. Heat Capacity

Sun Warms water Low pressure cools Florida Sand Asphalt Vegetation Gulf of MexicoAtlantic Ocean

Liquid Water Air What is evaporation?

Liquid Water Air What is condensation? cooling

Vaporization and Condensation How much heat?

Quantified by Latent Heat Amount of heat added or removed from water to effect a phase change. Liquid Gas

Latent Heat of Vaporization Amount of heat added to water to change it from a liquid to a gas. Liquid Gas 580 cal of heat added for each gram of water 580 cal/g (temperature-dependent)

Water580 cal/g Ammonia350 cal/g Alcohol215 cal/g Acetone133 cal/g Latent Heats of Vaporization Amount of heat input to the liquid to change it to a gas

Latent Heat of Condensation Amount of heat removed from gaseous water to change it from a gas to a liquid. Liquid Gas 580 cal of heat removed for each gram of water 580 cal/g

Liquid Gas 580 cal/g Conservation of Energy

Heat required to vaporize or condense 1 g of water = 580 cal How much heat is needed to evaporate or condense 1 L of water? 1000 g x 580 cal = 580,000 cal g 11 1 L of water = g water 1000

Importance

Latent Heat and Climate Water stores energy (heat) in the gas 580 cal/g Liquid gas Water releases energy (heat) from gas 580 cal/g Liquid

500,000 km 3 /day 5 x L/day 5 x g/day 2.7 x cal/day 200,000 MT TNT Ocean Evaporation 500,000 km 3 /day How Much Energy? Roughly equivalent to 10,000 atomic bombs

Latent Heat: Effect on Climate

Equinox Latent Heat and Climate

Equinox Low Pressure

Low Pressure

Latent Heat Transport 580 cal/g Surface wind Surface wind

1. Equatorial latitudes receive more solar energy than other latitudes 2. Equatorial regions are dominated by oceans 3. Solar heat evaporates water near the equator ( water absorbs 580 cal/g ) 4. Warm, moist air rises from the equator 5. Rising moist air creates low pressure at the surface 6. Cooler air from northern and southern latitudes moves to the equator 7. Air rising from the equator eventually moves to northern and southern latitudes carrying latent heat of vaporization obtained at the equator. 8. This air eventually cools, condenses, releasing energy (580 cal/g) obtained at equator 9. The overall process cools the equator and warms northern and southern latitudes, redistributing heat globally.

85 o 55 o

h Redistribution of Heat

30 o 0o0o 60 o Northern Hemisphere Do Winds Really Blow in these Directions?

Today: mostly cloudy Tomorrow: Rain 30 o 0o0o 60 o

equator 30 o N wind Hurricanes 30 o 0o0o 60 o

30 o 0o0o 60 o Northern Hemisphere Something is redirecting the wind Hurricanes Fronts

Next: Wind Direction and the Coriolis Effect