Unit 4: Astronomy Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, & Sun Big Idea: The motions of Earth & the moon & their position relative to the sun result in day & night, the seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, & tides

4 Sections Earth in Space Gravity & Motion Phases, Eclipses, & Tides Earth’s Moon Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 1: Earth in Space KEY CONCEPTS Earth moves through space in 2 major ways: 1) rotation 2) revolution Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 1: Key Terms Astronomy Rotation Orbit Solstice Axis Revolution Calendar Equinox Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 2: Gravity & Motion KEY CONCEPTS The strength of the force of gravity between 2 objects depends on 2 factors: 1) the masses of the objects 2) the distance between them Newton concluded that 2 factors: 1) inertia 2) gravity combine to keep Earth in orbit around the sun & the moon in orbit around Earth Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 2: Key Terms Force Gravity Law of universal gravitation Mass Weight Inertia Newton’s 1st law of motion Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 3: Phases, Eclipses, & Tides KEY CONCEPTS The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, & sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, & tides The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 3: Phases, Eclipses, & Tides (cont’d) A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth & the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon The tides are caused mainly by differences in how much the moon’s gravity pulls on the different parts of Earth Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 3: Key Terms Phase Solar eclipse Penumbra Tide Neap tide Eclipse Lunar eclipse Spring tide Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 4: Earth’s Moon KEY CONCEPTS Features on the moon’s surface include maria, craters, & highlands The moon is dry & airless. Compared to Earth, the moon is small & has large variations in its surface temperature Scientists theorize that a planet-sized object collided with Earth to form the moon Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

Sec 4: Key Terms Telescope Maria Crater Meteoroid Mrs. Lee - Ch 12