Introduction Course overview History of Oceanography Intro to Earth.

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Introduction Course overview History of Oceanography Intro to Earth

Course web page chem.winthrop.edu Click on Courses on left column Find GEOL 220 link Syllabus, topic outlines, schedule, etc.

Interdisciplinary Biology Chemistry Physics Geology Geography Political Science Mathematics Computer Science

History of Oceanography Early Middle Ages Age of Discovery Discovery with Science Modern Oceanography Different motivations at different times

The Oceans Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic Southern Ocean

Early history Reasons: trade, fishing, defense Self centered view of Earth Examples

Early history (2) Difficult to navigate without shorelines Phoenicians (approx BC) Polynesians ( AD most important)

Early history (3) Greeks (approx. 500 BC) –Erasthosthenes (working in Egypt) – circumference of earth –Pliny the Elder – phases of moon and tides –Ptolemy (approx. 150 AD) – vast ocean, used lat and long

Middle Ages Very little exploration except Vikings (approx AD) Arabs

Age of Discovery (1) Travel for economic, political and religious reasons Portugal: –Prince Henry –Dias (1497) –Vasco Da Gama (1498)

Age of Discovery (2) Spain Columbus (1492) Vespucci (~1500) Balboa (1513) Magellan (1522)

Discovery with Science Discovery with some science James Cook ( ) Ben Franklin (1769) Matthew F. Maury (early 1800s)

Purely scientific Challenger Expedition ( ) Extremely significant

More for science Voyages of Nansen aboard Fram (end of 1800s) Meteor expedition ( )

Modern Oceanography (since 20 th century) International Interdisciplinary Scientific Complex instruments “Modern” technology

Modern Oceanography US funding Oceanographic institutes Drill ships, satellites, for example International cooperation

Origin of solar system: nebular hypothesis

Layered Earth Density stratification Core Mantle Crust Oceans and Atmosphere Lithosphere Asthenosphere

Geologic time Details not important here Vast length of time very important Compare to human time