Chapter 4: Integumentary System

Chapter 4 Abbreviations  Ax, AX D5WD5W  H2O  IV  IVPB  NS  PCA  TKO = axillary = dextrose = water = intravenous = intravenous piggy back = normal saline = patient controlled analgesia = to keep open

Chapter 4 Abbreviations  ID  IM  PR  SL  SQ, SC  supp  top = intradermal = intramuscular = per rectum = under the tongue = subcutaneous = suppository = topical

Chapter 4 Abbreviations  MRSA  staph  strep  NKA  NKDA = methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus = staphylococcus = streptococcus = no known allergies = no known drug allergies

Integumentary System  The integumentary system is composed of the skin, nails, and glands  The skin forms a protective covering for the body that, when unbroken, prevents entry of bacteria and other invading organisms. The skin also protects the body from water loss and the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Other functions include regulation of body temperature and synthesis of vitamin D.

Integumentary System

The Skin  Epidermis  outer layer of skin  Keratin  horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin, and nails  Melanin  color, or pigmentation, of the skin  Dermis  inner layer of skin (also called the true skin)

The Skin  Sudoriferous (sweat) glands  tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat  Sebaceous glands  secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

The Skin (accessory structures)  Hair  compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers  Nails  originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of nail is called the lunula, or moon

Word Parts for Integumentary System Combining Form Definition  cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o  kerat/o  onych/o, ungu/o  seb/o  trich/o  skin  horny tissue, hard  nail  sebum (oil)  hair

Word Parts Commonly Used with Integumentary System Combining Form Definition  aut/o  bi/o  crypt/o  heter/o  myc/o  necr/o  rhytid/o  staphyl/o  strept/o  xer/o  self  life  hidden  other  fungus  death (cells, body)  wrinkles  grapelike clusters  twisted chains  dry

Word Parts for Integumentary System Prefix Definition  epi-  intra-  para-  per-  sub-  trans-  on, upon, over  within  beside, beyond, around, abnormal  through  under, below  through, across, beyond

Word Parts for Integumentary System Suffix Definition  -a  -coccus (pl. –cocci)  -ectomy  -ia  -itis  -malacia  -opsy  -phagia  noun suffix, no meaning  berry-shaped (form of bacterium)  excision or surgical removal  diseased or abnormal state, condition of  inflammation  softening  view of, viewing  eating or swallowing

Word Parts for Integumentary System SuffixDefinition  -plasty  -rrhea  -tome  surgical repair  flow, discharge  instrument used to cut

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  Dermatitis  Dermatofibroma  leiodermia  leukoderma  onychocryptosis  onychomalacia  Inflammation of the skin  fibrous tumor of the skin  condition of smooth skin  white skin (white patches caused by depidmentation)  abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)  softening of the nails

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  onychomycosis  onychophagia  seborrhea  trichomycosis  xeroderma  abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails  eating the nails (nail biting)  discharge of sebum (excessive)  abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair  dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noniflammatory scaling)

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorder] TermDefinition  abrasion  abscess  acne  scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury  localized collection of pus  inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  cellulitis  contusion  fissure  Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, leading to redness, swelling, and fever  Injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (also called a bruise)  Slit or cracklike sore in the skin

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  infection  the invasion of pathogens in body tissue.  An infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective. If the infection persists, it may become acute, subacute, or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  laceration  lesion  torn, ragged-edged wound  any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorder] Term Definition  MRSA infection  invasion of body tissue by methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics.  It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical] Term Definition  biopsy  dermatoautoplasty  dermatoheteroplasty  dermatome  view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)  surgical repair using one’s own skin (skin graft) (also called autograph)  surgical repair using skin from others (skin graft) (also called allograft)  instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical] Term Definition  dermatoplasty  onychectomy  rhytidectomy  rhytidoplasty  surgical repair of the skin  excision of a nail  excision of a wrinkles (facelift)  surgical repair of wrinkles

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Surgical] Term Definition  cauterization  cryosurgery  debridement  excision  destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)  destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen  removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound  removal by cutting

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Surgical] Term Definition  incision  incision & drainage (I&D)  laser surgery  suturing  surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument  surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity  procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue  to stitch edges of a wound surgically

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Terms Definition  dermatologist  dermatology (derm)  epidermal  erythroderma  hypodermic  intrademal  a physician who studies and treats skin (disease)  study of the skin (a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases)  pertaining to upon the skin  red skin (abnormal redness)  pertaining to under the skin  pertaining to within the skin

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Term Definition  keratogenic  necrosis  percutaneous  Staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci)  Streptococcus (pl. streptococci)  originating in horny tissue  abnornal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease)  pertaining to through the skin  berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (cause many skin diseases)  berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  subcutaneous  transdermal  ungual  xanthoderma  pertaining to under the skin  pertaining to through the skin  pertaining to the nail  yellow skin (also called jaundice)

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  alopecia  bacteria  cyst  diaphoresis  loss of hair  single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue  a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material  profuse sweating

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)  edema  erythema  Escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein  Puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid  redness

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  fungus  induration  jaundice  pallor  Organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding; multi-celled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation  abnormal hard spot(s)  condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (also called xanthoderma)  paleness

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  pressure ulcer  pruritus  ulcer  vesicle  erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients (also called decubitus ulcer or bed sore)  severe itching  erosion of the skin or mucous membrane  small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (also called blister)

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  virus  wheal  minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within host cells; may cause infection by invading body tissue  transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a lesion

Pictures and Examples __________ / ____ / ________ /________________ nail cv fungus abnomal condition Onychomycosis

Pictures and Examples Punch Biopsy Cryosurgery

Pictures and Examples Suturing

Pictures and Examples ________ / ___ / ___________ Within / skin / pertaining to patch ________ / ___ / ___________ Under / skin / pertaining to injection _____ / ____ / ___________ using a under / skin / pertaining to needle intradermal subcutaneous hypodermal

Pictures and Examples ________ / ___ / ___________ Through / skin / pertaining to patch Transdermal

Pictures and Examples _________ / __ / ___________ Grapelike / cv / berry-shaped clusters _________ / __ / ___________ Twisted / cv / berry-shaped chains Streptococcus Staphylococcus

Pictures and Examples Cyst (A closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material) Ex) Acne Vesicle (small elevation of epidermis containing liquid) Ex) Blisters Wheal (round, itchy elevation of the skin) Ex) Hives