STI & STD Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) are infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact MORE THAN 65 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE USA HAVE A STD!!!

Risk Behaviors for STI Being sexually active with more than one person Engaging in either unprotected or protected sex Selecting high risk partners Using alcohol and other drugs

Consequences of STIs Some are incurable… you could have it for life! Some cause cancer… high mortality rate! Some cause problems with reproductive organs… difficulty having a family in the future! Some can be passed on to child, before during or after birth.

Abstinence Abstinence is the deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage or the abuse of drugs , alcohol and tobacco.

Incurable STDs AIDs ..................(virus) Genital Herpes .. (virus) Genital Warts ... (virus) Hepatitis B ....... (virus)

Incurable STDs HIV/ Aids Caused by the HIV virus that invades the immune system. Spread through: Contact with bodily fluids (infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids mainly by unprotected sex and needle sharing and maternal transfer.) unprotected anal sex unprotected vaginal sex unprotected oral sex injection of tainted blood injection by needle-sharing sharing objects and infected fluids maternal blood to fetus 25% of infants born to HIV mothers will be infected

HIV/ Aids, cont. Symptoms Complications: HIV Stage (1* - 14 years) Flu-like symptoms may occur early or late Most look and feel well for years Skin & lung infections common in later years HIV = antibody test indicates infection Complications: HIV progresses to AIDS Stage within (2 - 5 years) Immune system destroyed Will die from an opportunistic disease. AIDS defining illnesses fatal (pneumonia, cancer, dementia, wasting, cancer of the cervix)

NO CURE! HIV/ Aids, cont. Treatment - Yes - early treatment is best

Above picture: HIV is in green shown attacking lymph node.

Skin lesions typical with HIV

HIV Statistics United States INFECTS 56,300 people per year. 15 people out of every 100,000 have HIV Delaware 6th Highest HIV rate in the US. DE has 165 new cases per year. As of 2011 DE had 5,439

More Incurable STDs Genital Herpes Spread through: Caused by a Herpes Simplex Virus (1 or 2) with ulcerating blisters occurring on the genitals or anal area. May be spread to the mouth (Herpes Simplex 1.) Spread through: - unprotected vaginal sex - unprotected anal sex unprotected oral sex direct touch skin-to-skin

Genital Herpes Treatment - Yes - Acyclovir NO CURE! Symptoms Many people feel fatigued, and have a fever. Painful blisters itch, redden the skin, form into groups and ulcerate. Ulcers crust and may heal with scarring Complications - The virus hides in nerve endings and reoccurs Treatment - Yes - Acyclovir NO CURE!

Herpes

Herpes Male

Female

Herpes Statistics United States 1 in 5 of all Americans over the age of 12 are infected with herpes. Infects 1.6 million people year. 50 % of those infected do not know it and can infect others. Delaware 1 in 4 sexually active people have herpes

MORE Incurable STDs Genital Warts (HPV - Human Papilloma Virus) Caused by the Human Papilloma Virus and occurs often on or in the genitals A few strains of HPV cause genital warts. Many are not visible and have no symptoms. Spread through: - unprotected vaginal sex - unprotected anal sex unprotected oral sex direct touch skin-to-skin

Genital Warts Treatment - Warts can be removed by laser or surgery. Symptoms Many are without symptoms. Appear as gray wart growths on the vagina, penis, urethra, cervix, throat or anus. Complications Cancer can result as well as warts for a lifetime. Treatment - Warts can be removed by laser or surgery. NO CURE!

Genital Warts

Genital Warts of the mouth!

More Genital Warts

Genital Warts, yuck!

Genital Warts Statistics United States Infects 6.2 million people per year 98% of HPV infections are not visible. Approximately 97% of all pre cancer and cancer of the cervix cases are caused by HPV Delaware Top 10 in the country for deaths from cervical cancer as a result of HPV. 10.1 out of every 100,000 women

Treatable STDs Chlamydia..................(bacterial) Gonorrhea.. (bacterial) Syphilis... (bacterial) Genital Lice....... (parasitic) Trichomoniasis………. (parasitic) Scabies………. (parasitic)

Treatable STDs Chlamydia Spread through: (fluids) Caused by a bacteria that commonly infects the genitals, anus and throat. The most common STD in the United States. Most women show NO symptoms and most men will show symptoms Spread through: (fluids) unprotected vaginal sex - unprotected anal sex unprotected oral sex

Chlamydia Symptoms Women (If they show symptoms) Men Discharge vaginal discharge pain during urination frequent urination pain during sex infection of the anus or throat. Men Discharge itchy feeling in the penis mild pain during urination

Infertility is often permanent! Chlamydia Complications (if untreated) Woman Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pregnancy Infants Pneumonia or become blind Both Men and Women Urinary infections Infertility Arthritis Eye infections Treatment Antibiotics Surgery for Pelvic inflammatory disease Permanent Damage (even with treatment) Infertility is often permanent!

Chlamydia Bleeding Cervix

Chlamydia

Chlamydia Statistics United States Infect 3 million people a year. 75% of women show no symptoms. 50% of men show NO symptoms. Delaware 689 case last year reported in the US.

More Treatable STDs Gonorrhea Caused by a bacteria that commonly infects the genitals, anus and throat. Most women show NO symptoms. Spread through: (seminal and vaginal fluids) unprotected vaginal sex - unprotected anal sex unprotected oral sex

Gonorrhea Symptoms Women (If they show symptoms) Men Both Men & Women vaginal discharge frequent urination pain during sex Men Thick yellow/ green discharge Pain in the penis Both Men & Women - pain during urination - infection of the anus or sore throat. - Pain & bleeding in the rectum

Infertility is often permanent! Gonorrhea Complications (if untreated) Woman Pelvic inflammatory disease Men Swollen Testes Both Men and Women Urinary infections Sterility Heart, Brain & Liver Infections Arthritis Treatment Antibiotics (some strains are resistant to antibiotics) Surgery for Pelvic inflammatory disease Permanent Damage (even with treatment) Infertility is often permanent!

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea Statistics United States Last year a total of 334,826 cases of gonorrhea were reported in the United States, yielding a rate of 107.5 cases per 100,000 population. The rate increased 4.1% since the year before. Delaware Ranked 20th in the country with 899 cases reported last year. 99.1/100,000

More Treatable STDs Syphilis Caused by the Treponema Pallidum bacterium which develop a staged disease over years. Highly contagious, but cannot survive outside the body. Spread through: contact with any infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids or pus - unprotected vaginal sex mother to unborn - unprotected anal sex Direct touch unprotected oral sex

Syphilis Symptoms (if untreated) Stage 1 Stage 2 Painless sores that might last 3-6 wks than disappear rashes new sores swollen glands Swollen glands brain infection Skin rashes low grade fever Sores inside the vagina or anus may go unnoticed. sore throat muscle pain Stage 3 Causes severe and irreversible damage to the body!

Damage done in later stages cannot be undone and may result in death. Syphilis Complications (if untreated) Skin disease Damage to organs Heart disease Paralysis Bone disease Insanity Brain diseases Lung tumors Dementia Liver tumors Blindness Death Treatment Antibiotics – also see below Permanent Damage (even with antibiotics) Damage done in later stages cannot be undone and may result in death.

Syphilis

Syphilis in baby born to infected mother.

Syphilis Statistics United States Infects 36,000 people per year. Delaware 17th in the country with 38 cases reported last year.

More Treatable STDs Pubic Lice Spread through: Caused by the genital parasite “crab louse”, which transfers from the genital hair of one partner to the other. It lays eggs at the base of the hair, which hatch in 5 to 10 days. Adult pubic lice are 1.1–1.8 mm in length. Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the pubic area but sometimes are found on coarse hair elsewhere on the body (for example, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, chest, armpits, etc.). Spread through: Sexual contact, protected or not. Direct touch skin to skin.

Pubic Lice Symptoms Intense itching in the genital area. Produce small red bumps. Complications Social embarrassment (if infected people talk) Treatment Soap called Quell Permanent Damage Could cause scarring if severe.

Pubic Lice

Pubic Lice

Pubic Lice

Pubic Lice Statistics United States 3,000,000 per year, 249,999 per month, 57,692 per week, 8,219 per day, 342 per hour, 5 per minute 1 in 90 people are infected with crabs! Delaware

More Treatable STDs Trichomoniasis Spread through: Caused by the single celled protozoan parasite Trichomonas Vaginalis. Vagina is the most common site in women and the urethra in men. Spread through: Unprotected vaginal sex

Trichomoniasis Symptoms Complications Treatment Antibiotics Itching, burning Discomfort during intercourse Irritation inside the penis Abdominal pain. Vaginal or vuvla redness Frequent and or painful urination Unusual vaginal discharge Complications Premature delivery Increased HIV susceptibility Treatment Antibiotics

Trich Discharge

Trichomoniasis Statistics United States The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the United States is estimated to be 2.3 million (3.1%) among women ages 14-49, based on a nationally representative sample of women who participated in NHANES 2001–2004. The following are other findings from this study. Most women found to have trichomoniasis (85%) reported no symptoms. Women with no history of sexual intercourse can still be affected by trichomoniasis (1.0%), as can pregnant women (3.2%), and women who have ever been pregnant (4.1%). Delaware - 9th in country with 4464 new cases. 504.3 /100,000

More Treatable STDs Scabies Spread through: Human scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs. Spread through: The scabies mite usually is spread by direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies.

Scabies

HIV Patient

Scabies Symptoms The most common symptoms of scabies are intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash. It is important to remember that the first time a person gets scabies they usually have no symptoms during the first 2 to 6 weeks they are infested; however they can still spread scabies during this time. Complications The intense itching of scabies leads to scratching that can lead to skin sores. The sores sometimes become infected with bacteria on the skin, such as Staphylococcus aureus or beta-hemolytic streptococci. Sometimes the bacterial skin infection can lead an inflammation of the kidneys called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Scabies Treatment Products used to treat scabies are called scabicides because they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs. Scabicides used to treat human scabies are available only with a doctor’s prescription Permanent Damage Permanent scaring at sight or kidney damage. Risk for other diseases.

Scabies Statistics United States ? Delaware ?