HIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION by Muhammad Sarmad Hafeez

INTRODUCTION A brief history of HVDC Where in the world it is used Advantages Disadvantages Configuration Application

History of HVDC DC of Thomas Edison & AC of Nicola Tesla 1889 Italy by ADFG 630 KW with 14kv over 120 km The battery in series and then parallel but battery dilemma 1954 ASEA

USED in world From MOSCOW to KASHINA 10 mW to 20 mW SWEDEN to GOTLAND 1700 km Igna-Sham to Igna DAM

DEVICES USED Mercury arc valve Thyristors IGBT’s MOSFETS GTO’s

ADVANTAGES Under sea cables (AC losses) End to end bulk cables without intermediate taps Un synchronized AC Increase capacity of existing power grid

More ADVANTAGES Remote generating plant to Dist GRID Fewer conductors No skin effect Different systems different frequencies Sync. AC from different sources

DISADVANTAGES Lower availability …conversion equipment Static inverters COST MULTI TERMINAL Circuit breakers Standardization

COST English Channel 8GW 40 km link aid cost 750 M pounds installed and 200-300 M working. Conversion 110M 1M/km

Configuration Monopole earth return Bipolar Back to back System with transmission lines Tripolar

Monopole earth return

Bipolar

Back to Back

Applications VSC (voltage sourced converters) RENEWABLE energy super high ways AC network interconnections

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May this HELP U In the BEST WAY Possible !