Instructional Media and Technology for Learning Chapter Seven Audio Presented by Hongjin Wang

The Difference and Similarity Between Hearing and Listening Hearing is a physiological process Listening is a psychological process Hearing is the foundation of listening Hearing and Listening are also teaching and learning process

Developing Listening Skills Guide listening Give directions Ask students to listen for main ideas, or inferences Use context in listening Analyze the structure of a presentation Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information

Audio Formats cassette tapes compact discs Mp3

The strengths and limitations of cassette tape The main advantages of audiotape easy to record easy to erase easy to store not easy to damage The limitation of audiotape easy to record background noise easy to become stuck and tangled not easy to edite

The strength and limitation of compact disc Advantage of compact disc very durable High fidelity No background noise Random search Limitation of compact disc Impractical to prepare locally Initial expense of equipment

The advantages of audio Inexpensive Readily available and simple to use Reproducible Ideal for teaching foreign language Stimulating Repeatable Portable Ease of lesson preparation Selections easy to locate Resistance to damage Provide verbal message for nonreaders

The limitations of audio Fixed sequence Doesn’t monitor attention Difficulty in pacing Potential for accidental erasure

Integrating Audio into classroom Teachers can use Audio Media in all phase of instruction – from introduction of a topic to evaluation of student learning. Students can use audiotape to prepare their class presentations and to learn foreign language

Producing Class Materials on Cassette Tapes Need a blank audiotape, a tape recorder, a microphone Prepare class materials to need to recorder Attention: Maintain a constant distance from the microphone Speak over the top of the microphone, not directly into it If you make an error while recorder, stop the tape recorder, reverse it, and then continue recorder.

Checklist for Students/teachers-Prepared Audiocassettes Minimize extraneous background noise Maintain constant volume level Ensure good voice quality and clarity Express ideas clearly Maintain conversational tone Keep listeners involved Coordinate with worksheet or study guide, if use Express content clearly Keep it short

Duplicating and Editing Audiotapes Three methods of duplication Audiotapes The acoustic method—dose not require any special equipment.just two recorder. The electronic method—can avoid unwanted noise from the environment The high-speed duplicator method– require a special machine

Selecting Audio Materials Before selecting audio materials, three more things to need to do are: Analyzing audience Stating objective Ready to select, modify, design audio materials

Utilizing Audio Materials The five Ps for group use of audio materials Preview the Materials Prepare the Materials Prepare the Environment Prepare the Learners Provide the Learning Experience

Require Learner Participation Before you begin the lesson, determine how to get and keep students actively involved, One technique is to give students a set of questions to answer during the listening.

Evaluate and Revise Determine how effective the audio materials are: --Gather data by (1) making observations (2) evaluating test results (3) discussing experience with students --Then decide (1) to revise how you use the audio materials (2) to modify the audio materials themselves