W OUND C ARE

S KIN T RAUMA (W OUNDS ) Mechanical Forces that Cause Injury Friction Compression Shearing Tensile/Stretching Scraping Tearing Avulsing Puncturing Bending

A BRASIONS Scraping of skin against rough surfaces Top surface of skin is worn away Increased probability of infection Why?

P UNCTURES Direct penetration of skin with pointed object Do not remove object Must be referred to a physician Tetanus shot

L ACERATIONS Object tears tissue, giving wound appearance of jagged edge Sometimes result of blunt trauma Susceptible to infection Tetanus shot needed

I NCISIONS Smooth cut in skin Not jagged Susceptible o infection Tetanus shot needed

A VULSIONS Skin torn away from the body Should be placed in moist gauze with in a plastic bag then immersed in cold water Transport to hospital with athlete for possible reattachment Susceptible to infection Tetanus shot needed

M ORE TYPES OF WOUNDS Burns Immerse the affected part in cold water Extensive burns should be treated by a physician Animal or Human Bites Chance of infection is VERY HIGH Any break in the skin caused by teeth should be treated as though it was a bite

M ORE TYPES OF WOUNDS Bee stings and insect Bites A non-allergic person Mild irritation and itching to swelling of an entire extremity Persons who are highly sensitive Serious systemic (anaphylactic) reaction that is very dangerous Seek immediate medical care Credit Card flick the skin Apply ice to bee stings to reduce inflammation Alcohol pad to reduce itching

B LISTERS Etiology Shearing force Produces red/raised area that accumulates with fluid Prevention Appropriate shoes that and BROKEN IN Padding, lubricants, powder, layering of socks Signs and Symptoms (S/S) Hot spot, sharp burning sensation, painful Superficial area of skin raised with clear fluid Superficial area of skin raised with blood Management Clean and protect To drain of not to drain????

S KIN BRUISES Result of blunt trauma Causes disruption of superficial blood vessels Results in black and blue discoloration Treatment requires PRICE to control hemorrhaging Padding can be made to disperse swelling

W OUND MANAGEMENT Control bleeding- CEP Compression, Elevation, Pressure point (2) Cleanse around and away from wound Flush would with saline Be careful with hydrogen peroxide, betadine, and soap/water Apply ointment

W OUND MANAGEMENT Cover wound with protective bandage suitable for activity Safeguard against infection Wash you hands before and after Make sure tetanus shot is current Change bandage frequently

OINTMENTS Do not speed healing Kill bacteria that may slow healing Tips from the field Always apply ointments to a well-cleaned wound Apply very thin layer Apply with clean swab or gauze DO NOT apply directly from the tube

W OUNDS R EQUIRING S TITCHES Any wound the gapes open A wound that has a fatty layer, white tissue or muscle that is exposed Larger wounds of the eyes, eats, nose, face, or head Within 6 hours of injury

S IGNS OF WOUND INFECTION Red, Hot, Swollen Swollen and painful lymph glands near the area of infection Mild fever and headaches Throbbing pain or tenderness in the wound area Red streaks in the skin around the wound of progressing away from the wound Pus or water discharge collected beneath the skin or draining from the wound Generalized chills or fever

T ETANUS Bacterial disease that affects the nervous system s/s: headache, muscular stiffness in the jaw followed by stiffness in neck, difficulty swallowing, rigidity of abdominal muscles, spasms, sweating, and fever Every break in the skin is a potential of entry Important steps in prevention Routine immunization with tetanus toxoid Every 10 years for adults OR if last shot was more than 5 years ago and wound has been contaminated with dirt or debris

P RACTICES All wounds are assumed contaminated Use Universal Precautions Use clean and sterile instruments Use gloves and clean hands thoroughly Clean around skin lesion Be careful not to send debris into wound Start from middle and work outward

P RACTICES Avoid touching any part of sterile dressings that will contact the wound Use gauze or cotton tip applicator to apply medication Secure the dressing in place Use a non-medicated covering if athlete is to be sent for medical attention

O CCLUSIVE DRESSINGS Blockage of air Why its effective Minimizes scab formation Perceived pain from exposed nerves lowered Provide a barrier

S EEK MEDICAL ATTENTION Wound has blood spurting from it OR continues to bleed after 5 minutes of pressure Puncture wound where the object is still impaled or is removed Any wound that may need stitches Any type of bite- Animal or Human Any wound causing severe pain Any wound which causes numbness or movement loss below the wound If athlete has a chronic medical condition such as diabetes or a bleeding disorder

S PLINTING Support injured body part Cover open wounds Check area below injury for color, warmth, sensation Apply splint above and below fracture (fx) Secure splint Check for circulation Elevate if possible