Engineering Drawing and Design Chapter 15 Pictorial Drawings Seventh Edition Chapter 15 Pictorial Drawings

15-1 Pictorial drawings-axonometric, oblique & perspective Used to explain complicated engineering drawings to the untrained** Help with design work in space Train new employees in the shop Speed up & clarify assembly of a machine Transmit ideas Aid in developing the power of visualization

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW OBLIQUE PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

Axonometric Projection The lines of sight are perpendicular to the plane of projection, but the 3 faces of a rectangular object are all inclined to the plane of projection* 3 forms of Axonometric Projection* Isometric: 3 principal faces and axes are equally inclined to the plane of projection Diametric: 2 of the 3 are equally inclined Trimetric: all 3 faces and axes of the object make different angles with the plane of projection

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION USE OF THIS SET ENABLES YOU TO SHOW THE OBJECT FROM THESE 48 VIEWPOINTS. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS USE OF THIS SET ENABLES YOU TO SHOW THE OBJECT FROM THESE 144 VIEWPOINTS. TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

Isometric drawings Revolving the object at an angle of 45⁰ to the horizontal so that the front corner is toward the viewer and then tipping the object up or down at 35⁰ 16’ 3 visible faces appear equal in shape & side faces are at 30⁰ to horizontal* Isometric grid paper & ellipse templates aid sketching Vertical axis (height) Left & right axes 30⁰ from horizontal (length & width) All lines drawn true length* Hidden lines omitted Nonisometric lines are sloping surfaces and are created by locating their endpoints

15-2&3: Isometrics continued Circles on any of the 3 faces appear as an ellipse Isometric ellipse templates Fillets & rounds Threads Break lines Isometric assembly drawings Isometric sections are taken on a plane parallel to the face of one of the cubes Section lines are shown at 60⁰ with horizontal or in a horizontal position depending on where the cutting plane line is located

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ISOMETRIC AXES AND PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ISOMETRIC AXES AND PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS DEVELOPING AN ISOMETRIC DRAWING

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS SEQUENCE IN DRAWING AN OBJECT HAVING NONISOMETRIC LINES

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ORIENTING THE DIMENSION LINE, ARROWHEAD, AND EXTENSION LINE

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS DIMENSIONING AN ISOMETRIC DRAWING

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ISOMETRIC GRID PAPER

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS CURVED SURFACES IN ISOMETRIC

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS SEQUENCE IN DRAWING ISOMETRIC CIRCLES

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS DRAWING CONCENTRIC ISOMETRIC CIRCLES

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS DRAWING ISOMETRIC ARCS AND CIRCLES

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ISOMETRIC SECTIONING

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ISOMETRIC SECTIONING

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS CONVENTIONAL BREAKS IN ISOMETRIC

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS FILLETS AND ROUNDS IN ISOMETRIC

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS THREADS IN ISOMETRIC

15-4 Oblique projection This method is based on the procedure of placing the object with 1 face parallel to the frontal plane and placing the other 2 faces on oblique (receding) planes to left or right, top or bottom, at a convenient angle 3 axes of projection: horizontal, vertical, receding One face of the object is shown without distortion

Oblique projection: Cavalier and Cabinet Methods In cavalier all lines are made to their true length measured on the axes of projection Oblique sketching paper In cabinet, the lines on the receding axis are shortened by ½ their true length to approximate more closely what the human eye would see Cabinet is the more commonly used form especially for circles & arcs

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF OBLIQUE PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS OBLIQUE SKETCHES

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS OBLIQUE PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS DIMENSIONING AN OBLIQUE DRAWING

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS OBLIQUE SECTIONS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS OBLIQUE ROUNDS AND FILLETS OBLIQUE THREADS OBLIQUE BREAKS

15-6 Parallel or 1-point perspective Perspective is a method of drawing that depicts a 3-D object on a flat plane as it appears to the eye More realistic than axonometric or oblique Main elements of a perspective drawing Picture plane (plane of projection) Station point (position of observer’s eye) Horizon (imaginary horizontal line taken at eye level) Ground line (base line off the picture plane & object)

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS RECORDING THE PICTURE ON THE PICTURE PLANE PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ANGULAR, OR TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE PROJECT POINTS A AND B DOWN FROM PICTURE PLANE TO LOCATE POSITIONS OF LEFT AND RIGHT VANISHING POINTS ANGULAR, OR TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE GRID

CAD APPLICATIONS 3D VIEWS MENU

CAD APPLICATIONS 3D SURFACES IN AUTOCAD

CAD APPLICATIONS 3D SURFACES PULL-DOWN MENU

CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS WIRE FRAME

CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS NURBS

CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS NURBS