WR080 A Community of Scholars Examines the Role of Sports in Society Wednesday, Nov. 20, 2013

Order of Business 1.Apostrophe workshop 2.Summary review 3.Break 4.Phrases and clauses: review 5.Homework review

Phrases & Clauses Let’s try to remember what you know about phrases and clauses. What are they? How are they different from one another? Hint: Think to yourself what you do know about what they have in common--A phrase (or clause) is a group of related words… Jot down a few ideas about how you might complete this sentence.

Phrases A phrase is a group of related words without a subject – verb pair. We already know about two different phrases— the prepositional phrase and the noun phrase appositive, more simply and commonly known as an appositive. Phrases are not sentences, so in order for them to make sense to a reader, they must be embedded in a sentence. There are lots of different kinds of phrases, but luckily for you, it’s not necessary to differentiate one from another. You just have to know that a phrase is not a sentence. – Correct Construction: Driving to campus, James saw a gorgeous sunrise over Mt. Hood. – Incorrect construction: Driving to campus. James saw a gorgeous sunrise over Mt. Hood.

Clauses A clause is a related group words with a subject–verb pair. But not all clauses are sentences, so this is why you have to be able to find verbs and their subjects in sentences. We will need to learn a fair amount about the different types of clauses, mainly because errors of this type lead to grammatical errors and unclear writing. Today we will just get started by differentiating phrases from clauses.

Two Types of Clauses Independent clauses can stand alone and make sense. An independent clause is a true sentence because it can stand alone (be independent). Example: Jeremy washed the dishes. Dependent clauses depend upon an independent clause to make sense. They cannot stand alone, so they must be attached to a true sentence. Example: Because we told him to do so.

Apostrophe Rule 1 Let’s look at three rules: 1.Use an apostrophe to indicate omitted letters in an contraction. Example: Don’t, won’t, wouldn’t would’ve, I’m, we’re, etc.

Apostrophe Rule 2 Use an apostrophe to indicate ownership (possession). The four examples below indicate why you should be precise about where you place an apostrophe. 1.The boy’s hat = one hat belongs to one boy. 2.The boys’ hat = one hat belongs to more than one boy 3.The boy’s hats = more than one hat belongs to one boy 4.The boys’ hats = more than one hat belongs to more than one boy. And some examples, and more examples.examples

Apostrophe Rule 3 Use an apostrophe in order to clarify a situation that would otherwise be downright confusing: Please mind your own p’s and q’s. If you did not use an apostrophe here, the sentence would read like this: Please mind your own ps and qs. Confusing? You bet.

Apostrophes with Dates You need to use an apostrophe with dates when you have shortened the date by omitting part of it. Example: The ’80s saw the influence of a new blend of jazz, blues, and reggae music: hip hop. You do not need to use an apostrophe when you are making a decade plural. Example: The 1960s and ‘70s were a time of change and turmoil. You will continue to see apostrophes used to indicate an entire decade, however, because the rule change is rather recent. Do not worry about this rule when it is not understood by others. Only strive to use the apostrophe correctly yourself.

Apostrophe Confusion Lots of people misuse apostrophes a great deal of the time. Since the rules were unclear, many people started to use an apostrophe at the end of all words that end in “s”—a gross error! P 139, text. Let’s work through some of these exercises. If you are still uncertain, work some of the exercises on your own, or make an appt. with Mary for a cup of tea and some straight grammar talk.

Break Take Five with Dave Brubeck Take Five

Summary Review Most of your summaries could use some final review and revision work. Let’s review a few summaries… Now, using my comments and what you have just learned, review your own paper and make some notes about what you want to change.

The Summary-Response Essay Learning how to write a summary-response essay, like learning how to write a summary, will be most useful in future terms. Summary-Response Packet Review We begin with the summary. Shorten your summary as much as you can, and then decide how you feel and think about the author’s thesis. Freewrite. Make two columns: Agree and Disagree, and then list your thoughts in each. We will workshop this list on Wednesday to form your thesis and major ways you would like to discuss your thesis.

Homework Due Mon., Nov. 25 th 1.Clause vs. Phrase exercise: If you did not do this exercise, complete it by Mon., Nov. 25 th. 2.Carefully follow the directions for the blueprint for the summary-response essay assignment (see portal if you missed class on Monday, Nov. 18 th ). Due Monday, Nov. 25 th 3. Revise your summary, adding transitions (see the portal for this handout) when possible to make your ideas crystal clear. 4.Other Notes: 1.If you re-write your reading responses on your own and resubmit them by Monday., Nov. 25th, I will average the two scores for your final score on this assignment. 2.If you make an appointment and rewrite the reading responses with me, the higher grade will replace the lower grade. 3.Make an appointment with your academic adviser to set up your schedule for next term. Registration begins for freshmen on Tuesday, Nov. 19th at 12:01 a.m. 5.Questions? Text ( ) or