Lesson 3a: Mapping an Oval Earth on a Flat Surface One orange * paper towels One marker * half sheet of paper, 3 notecards Cartographer 1: draw the 7 continents on the orange Cartographer 2: peal the orange into ONE or TWO vertical pieces, flatten and dry pieces on paper towel Cartographer 3: place dried, flattened “map” onto piece of paper and fill in land in ripped areas

Cooperative Learning Each student answers on their card What problems are created by mapping an oval shape on a flat surface? Why do humans use flat maps if there are problems? Would you have been able to answer the above questions without the orange activity? (feedback for me)

Projection Representing the earth’s shape on a flat surface

1.Alaska is at least twice the size of Mexico 2. Greenland is as large as Africa 3. South America and Europe are almost equal size

4.Alaska is at least twice the size of Mexico 5. Greenland is as large as Africa 6. South America and Europe are about equal in size

7.Alaska is at least twice the size of Mexico 8. Greenland is as large as Africa 9. South America and Europe are about equal in size

Mercator – 1500s Scale is distorted – especially at poles Shape is true Shows accurate distance

Peters – 1960s Shape and Distance are distorted Relative size is accurate

Robinson – 1980s Uses curved grid lines instead of straight Shows less distorted shape and size

Movement: People, goods and ideas move continuously. This is spatial interaction Region: an area defined by common characteristics Place: every place has special characteristics that make it different from every other place Location – every place on earth has a location. Location is defined in terms of absolute and relative location Human Environment Interaction: People are constantly interacting with their surroundings. Lesson 1a: Five Themes Graphic Organizer World Geography Today, pp 3-7

Lesson 3c: Review Latitude and Longitude Hemisphere: half of the earth, divided into northern and southern at the equator, or western and eastern at the Prime Meridian. Equator: an imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles, 0 degrees latitude Prime Meridian:the earth's zero of longitude, passes through Greenwich, England. Latitude: degrees north or south of the equator Longitude: degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian

Example 1

Example 2 (Paris)

E x a m p l e 3 South Africa

Example4Example4

Topic Sentence

Body Define each theme Describe each theme Connect the theme to an example from page 4, Lesson 2a.

Lesson 6a: Map SkillsScale of Miles Scale of Miles - ratio of distance on a map to distance on the actual earth Projection - representing a sphere (3D, earth) on a plane (2D, flat map)

Lesson 7a: Dividing the Earth’s Surface Using Time Time Zones dividing earth’s surface using time, based on GMT, necessary for modern travel Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) location of where time zones are set from, runs through England Offset Time Zones – half hour time zones

Lesson 9a: Place - South Africa and Apartheid

Clip 1 Beginnings

Clip 2 African National Congress

Clip 3: End of Apartheid

Apartheid Definition in your own words Sketch CharacteristicsExamples of Characteristics

Nelson Mandela Definition in your own words Characteristics as a person Justification for ViolencePersonal Association When I think of Nelson Mandela I think of…..

Video =760446&vid=125203http:// =760446&vid=125203

A Dry White Season Ben – Afrikaaner, Dutch descent Stanley – Zulu, lawyer Melanie – English descent, journalist Video Questions Describe how Blacks are treated by the justice system. What happens when people, Black or white question the system? Describe the difference in the lifestyle of blacks and whites, such as jobs, homes, transportation, schools. How did Benjamin’s life change because of his involvement in Gordon and Jonathan’s cases?