Cells – Key Notes We need to know lots about cells. The volume can be overwhelming (…see below…), and thus, we run away from it. 1.All cells come from other cells 2.There are three primary differences between plant and animal cells: (1) Plant cells have a cell wall, (2) Plant cells have chloroplasts and (3) Plant cells have one large vacuole. 3.Organelles of the cell are suspended in the cytoplasm 4.The nucleus is the brains of the cell. It directs or controls all cell activity. 5.Mutations are random changes in the DNA of the cell 6.Osmosis is the movement of water across a cell membrane 7.Diffusion is the movement of dissolved substances from an area of high concentration to the an area of low concentration 8.Cell division allows organisms to grow, repair damage and reproduce. 9.The cell cycle has three primary stages: (1) Interphase (resting, growth and preparation), (2) Mitosis (nucleus division) and (3) Cytokinesis (organelle division) 10.Mitosis has four steps or phases: (1) Prophase, (2) Metaphase, (3) Anaphase and (4) Telophase 11.During Metaphase of Mitosis, of chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. 12.Cell Division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Cells – Key Notes How does the cell work? The previous page makes it seem boring and perhaps too complicated to understand. Yet, the functioning of a cell is exciting, fascinting, inspiring and beautiful. Watch this and enjoy the wonder… l.html l.html

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need TWO of the FIVE points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. CELL THEORY 1.All cells come from other cells 2.Plants obtain energy from sunlight 3.The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the simplest unit that can carry out all life functions 4.Large organisms, such as humans, are made up of trillions of cells 5.Cells can have different functions, but basically they are the same in their structure

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need TWO of the FIVE points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. PLANT and ANIMAL CELLS 1.There are three primary differences between plant and animal cells: (1) Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not, (2) Only plant cells have chloroplasts and (3) Plant cells have one large vacuole while animal cells have many small vacuoles 2.Organelles of the cell are suspended in the cytoplasm 3.The nucleus is the brains of the cell. It directs or controls all cell activity. 4.A plant cell is not an animal cell, and visa versa, an animal cell is not a plant cell; yet, a plant cell has all the organelles of an animal cell plus a few more. 5.Cells are very complicated with many organelles.

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need TWO of the FOUR points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. DNA 1.Mutations are random changes in the DNA of the cell 2.DNA is a set of very large molecules that carry genetic information, and the molecules are strung together in long strands called chromosomes 3.Human cells have 46 chromosomes 4.DNA controls the cells, and DNA determines an organism’s appearance and function

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need THREE of the FIVE points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. CELL CYCLE / CELL DIVISION 1.Cell division allows organisms to grow, repair damage and reproduce. 2.The cell cycle has three primary stages: (1) Interphase (resting, growth and preparation), (2) Mitosis (nucleus division) and (3) Cytokinesis (organelle division) 3.Mitosis has four steps or phases: (1) Prophase, (2) Metaphase, (3) Anaphase and (4) Telophase 4.During Metaphase, chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. 5.Cell Division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need TWO of the THREE points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. CELL CYCLE 1.Metaphase – Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. 2.Anaphase – Chromatids separate and each new cell is called a daughter cell 3.Interphase – The resting phase

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need THREE of the FOUR points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. LIMITS on CELL SIZE 1.Osmosis is the movement of water across a cell membrane. Osmosis allows for water to enter and leave the cell 2.Diffusion is the movement of dissolved substances from an area of high concentration to the an area of low concentration. Using diffusion, nutrients and wastes move through the cell 3.An organism made up of more than one cell is called a multicellular organism. 4.If a single cell were too large, diffusion and osmosis would not work efficiently. The cell organelles would be starved for nutrients and water, and wastes would increase to toxic levels if allowed to remain in the cell.

Cells – Key Notes The following points will be a summary of the key information for the chapter on cells. Copy this information. HOWEVER, you only need TWO of the FOUR points. As a class, you must decide which points are the most important. CANCER 1.Cigarettes can cause lung cancer. 2.Cancer is a group of diseases that result in uncontrolled cell division 3.A benign tumour does not affect surrounding cells, while a malignant tumour interferes with the functioning of nearby cells. A malignant cancer is a much more dangerous form of cancer. 4.Less than 50% of students use sunscreen to protect themselves from UV radiation.