Father of the Microscope Father to the term "Cell"

Botanist first to study plant cells.Botanist first to study plant cells. Studied animal cells first Studied animal cells first

Plants cells made other plant cellsPlants cells made other plant cells Animal cells made other animal cells Animal cells made other animal cells

proposed the cell theory in 1838 proposed the cell theory in 1838 cell biology research was forever changed.cell biology research was forever changed.

states that: states that:

used a crude compound microscope to view a cork and seen honey comb shapes in used a crude compound microscope to view a cork and seen honey comb shapes in He coined the term cells since they reminded him of the small box cells Monks lived in. He coined the term cells since they reminded him of the small box cells Monks lived in.

Microscopes - magnify things not visible with human eyesight alone. Microscopes - magnify things not visible with human eyesight alone. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, used a single lens to view cells in the 1600’s. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, used a single lens to view cells in the 1600’s.

in the 1830’s in the 1830’s viewed organisms underneath microscopes and verified that all living things are made of cells.viewed organisms underneath microscopes and verified that all living things are made of cells.

Microscope Microscope has a series of lenses that magnifies the object in steps. has a series of lenses that magnifies the object in steps. Microscope - Microscope - electrons are aimed in a beam through a magnetic field to focus them then, through or over a specimen in a vacuum, and finally onto a screen where it forms a image.electrons are aimed in a beam through a magnetic field to focus them then, through or over a specimen in a vacuum, and finally onto a screen where it forms a image.

Cells have to be limited in size by natural laws. Cells have to be limited in size by natural laws. enough to hold the essential components enough to hold the essential components enough to accommodate nutrients received and disposed. enough to accommodate nutrients received and disposed.

Large cells have less surface volume relative to its size than small cells. Large cells have less surface volume relative to its size than small cells. So the bigger the cell doesn’t mean more effective.So the bigger the cell doesn’t mean more effective. The smaller cells can be serviced better by the cytoplasm. The smaller cells can be serviced better by the cytoplasm.

Computer chip technology Computer chip technology is similar to this natural phenomena. is similar to this natural phenomena.

Eukaryote CELLS (PLANT, ANIMAL, PROTIST & FUNGI) Eukaryote CELLS (PLANT, ANIMAL, PROTIST & FUNGI) range from 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers in diameter. range from 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers in diameter. PROKAROTE CELLS (BACTERIA) PROKAROTE CELLS (BACTERIA) are a lot smaller and structurally simple are a lot smaller and structurally simple

is the first type of cell to evolve, there are NO internal organelle structures. is the first type of cell to evolve, there are NO internal organelle structures. It has DNA and cytoplasm and most likely single celled. It has DNA and cytoplasm and most likely single celled.

Bacterial Cells Bacterial Cells Capsules – Capsules – Act as cell wallsAct as cell walls Circular DNA Circular DNA Genetic informationGenetic information coiled DNA coiled DNA No membrane for nucleoid region.No membrane for nucleoid region.

Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells are small and structurally simpleare small and structurally simple Simple membrane bound cytoplasmSimple membrane bound cytoplasm DNA DNA RNA RNA All Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes All Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes

They can be single cell or multi- cellular organisms. They can be single cell or multi- cellular organisms. Eukaryote - The second type of cell formed. Eukaryote - The second type of cell formed.

Complexity Complexity Organelles Organelles Nuclei Nuclei Plants have cell walls Plants have cell walls Large Vacuole Large Vacuole

Multi cellular and Unicellular types have: Multi cellular and Unicellular types have: Plant - multi Plant - multi Animal - multiAnimal - multi Protist – single and multiProtist – single and multi Fungi - single and multiFungi - single and multi

Cell Composition Cell Composition Plasma membrane Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Organelles Organelles Nucleus Nucleus Cell Wall (only in plants) Cell Wall (only in plants)

Animal & Plant Cell ORGANELLES Eukaryotic cells have functional compartments: Eukaryotic cells have functional compartments: NUCLEUS – Contains: NUCLEUS – Contains: DNA – stores genetic informationDNA – stores genetic information RNA – transmits genetic informationRNA – transmits genetic information Messenger - mRNA Messenger - mRNA Transfer – tRNA Transfer – tRNA Ribosomal - rRNA Ribosomal - rRNA Ribosome - makes proteins Ribosome - makes proteins Assembles amino acids into polypeptides polymers.Assembles amino acids into polypeptides polymers.

Animal & Plant Cell ORGANELLES Flagella – motor transport of cell (Animal & Protists) Flagella – motor transport of cell (Animal & Protists) Centriole– helps cell division (Animal) Centriole– helps cell division (Animal) Lysosome – breaks down particles. (Animal) Lysosome – breaks down particles. (Animal) Golgi Apparatus – stores and packages Golgi Apparatus – stores and packages Plasma Membrane – regulates entry in to the cell and maintains homeostasis Plasma Membrane – regulates entry in to the cell and maintains homeostasis

Animal & Plant Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport passage for the cells chemicals. Transport passage for the cells chemicals. Types of E.R.: Types of E.R.: Smooth – no ribosomes Smooth – no ribosomes Rough – with ribosomesRough – with ribosomes

Animal Cell Organelles Mitochondrion – energy generator of the cell (battery) Mitochondrion – energy generator of the cell (battery) Cytoskeleton – Supports the cells structure Cytoskeleton – Supports the cells structure Microtubule – comprises the cytoskeletonMicrotubule – comprises the cytoskeleton Microfilament - comprises the cytoskeleton Microfilament - comprises the cytoskeleton

Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall – Composed of Cellulose Cell Wall – Composed of Cellulose Give strength and structure to plantsGive strength and structure to plants Vacuole - Storage Vacuole - Storage Chloroplast – Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. Chloroplast – Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

1. All life forms are made from one or more cells. 1. All life forms are made from one or more cells. 2. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. 2. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. 3. The cell is the smallest form of life. Cells 3. The cell is the smallest form of life. Cells

The Cell Theory The Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory in 1838, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory in 1838, cell biology research was forever changed. cell biology research was forever changed.