Eukaryotic Cell Structure & Function

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells c d b a e k f g j i h Section 7-2 Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) c d b a e k f g j i h Animal Cell

Function

The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure & function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

Organelles & Cell Division Cells are made of specialized structures known as organelles Cell biologists divide cells into 2 parts Nucleus cytoplasm

Cell Membrane (plant & animal) Separates inside of cell from the outside Phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Cytoplasm (plant & animal) Fluid part of the cell that is outside the nucleus Houses the organelles

Nucleus (plant & animal) Control center Surrounded by nuclear envelope 2 membranes with pores Allows for movement of information into & out of the nucleus Visible material = chromatin DNA bound to protein Nucleolus – small dense region where ribosome assembly begins

Ribosomes (plant and animal) Small particles of RNA & proteins found through out the cytoplasm Proteins are made on the ribosomes Follow coded instructions from the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (both) Internal membrane system lipid components of cell membrane are assembled proteins & other materials are exported from the cells

Rough & Smooth ER (both) Rough ER – involved in protein synthesis b/c has ribosomes on surfaces Smooth ER – has collections of enzymes performing specialized tasks b/c NO ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus (both) Looks like a stack of closely apposed membranes Modify, sort & package proteins & other materials from ER Proteins are shipped from here to their final destination

Lysosomes (plant and animal) Small organelles filled with enzymes Gets rid or the “junk” Digestion of: Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Breaks into small molecules to be used by cell Break down old organelle

Vacuoles (plant & animal) A saclike structure A storage place for: Water Salts Proteins Carbohydrates In plant cells: single, large, provides support b/c of pressure

Mitochondria (plant & animal) The power house Convert chemical energy in food into compounds that are more convenient for cells Enclosed by 2 membranes Contains it own DNA molecules Come from MOM

Chloroplasts (plant only) Capture energy from sunlight Convert it to chemical energy through photosynthesis Surrounded by 2 membranes Contains chlorophyll Contains small DNA molecules

Cell Wall (plant only) Made of cellulose Provides support and structure Surrounds the cell membrane

Cytoskeleton (plant & animal) A system of protein filaments structures Provide supports & organization Involved in movement Microfilaments Microtubules

Microfilaments Thread like structures made of actin Tough but flexible Protein Tough but flexible Movement caused by assembly & disassembly of these structures Allows for crawling such as amoebas

Microtubules Hollow structures made of tubulins Maintain shape Proteins Maintain shape Important for cell division Form centrioles -- help to organize cell division Form projections – cilia & flagellum Rapid swimming through liquids

Function

What structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells What structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells? Why are these structures important for plants?

What are prokaryotic cells?