2 nd Year - 1 st Semester Asst. Lect. Mohammed Salim Computer Architecture I 1

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Contents Architecture & Organization Structure & Function Computer Function Computer Structure Book of this Subject :Computer Organization and Architecture, 8th edition, William Stallings, Prentice Hall,

Architecture & Organization (continued) Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? 4

Architecture & Organization All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility At least backwards Organization differs between different versions 5

Structure & Function Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure 6

Function (continued) All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control 7

Functional View (continued) 8

Operations (a) Data movement (continued) 9

Operations (b) Storage (continued) 10

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage (continued) 11

Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O 12

Structure - Top Level (continued) Computer Main Memory Input Output Systems Interconnection Peripherals Communication lines Central Processing Unit Computer 13

Structure - The CPU (continued) Computer Arithmetic and Login Unit Control Unit Internal CPU Interconnection Registers CPU I/O Memory System Bus CPU 14

Structure - The Control Unit CPU Control Memory Control Unit Registers and Decoders Sequencing Login Control Unit ALU Registers Internal Bus Control Unit 15

References: Computer Organization and Architecture, 8th edition, William Stallings, Prentice Hall,

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