The Cell PA State Standards

What is a cell? The basic unit of structure and function of all living things. The basic building block of all organisms.

What are organelles? Humans have organs Cells contain organelles These organelles are like tiny organs inside a cell. For example: A nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. Nucleus

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things Living cells come only from other living cells.

Organization of an organism

The Cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane

The Cell Cell Membrane: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Controls the movement of material into & out of the cell 3. Selectively Permeable – chooses what enters and exits the cell

Cell Membrane Controls the movement of materials in to and out of the cell Selectively Permeable – chooses what goes in and out of cell

The Cell Cell Wall: 1. Plant Cells – NOT IN ANIMALS!! 2. Gives plant cells its shape 3. STRONG to provide Structure and support

Ticket in the door – 5 points Number your paper from 1 – 5. Answer the questions. Who first discovered cells by looking at cork (last name)? Does an animal cell have a cell wall? Yes or no Does a plant cell have a cell wall? Yes or no Does an animal cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no

The Cell Cytoplasm: 1. ALL CELLS 2. The ENVIRONMENT of the cell. All organelles float in it

The Cell Nucleus: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Center of the cell Control Center of the cell

TWO TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTES – DOES NOT contain a NUCLEUS EUKARYOTES – DOES CONTAIN A NUCLEUS

The Cell Nuclear Membrane: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Surrounds Nucleus 3. Allows movement in & out of the nucleus

The Cell Chromosomes: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. 23 PAIRS OR 46 TOTAL 3. Stores Genetic Information

The Cell Mitochondria: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. RESPIRATION occurs here 3. Makes ENERGY for the cell. Respiration occurs here (use of oxygen to break down food particles for energy)

2 types of Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Requires Oxygen Water and CO2 are waste products Food + Oxygen CO2 + Water + ATP

2 Types of Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic) Yeast cells used to make bread Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne)

The Cell Vacuoles: 1. Mostly Plant 2. Floating in the cytoplasm FOOD, WATER, and waste are STORED here

The Cell Ribosomes: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Found in the cytoplasm & on E.R. 3. Proteins are made here

The Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.): 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Found throughout the cytoplasm 3. Transports materials in the cell (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

The Cell Golgi bodies: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Floating in Cytoplasm 3. Package cell materials

The Cell Lysosomes: 1. Mostly Animal 2. Floating in the cytoplasm RECYCLE old or dead cell parts

The Cell Chloroplast: 1. Plant Cells 2. Floating in Cytoplasm 3. Makes food for cell (Photosynthesis – captures ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT) 4. Contains CHLOROPHYLL

Major differences between a plant and animal cell Plant cells have a cell wall – animal cells do not. Plant cells have chloroplasts – animal cells do not Plant cells have a large vacuole – animal cells do not

Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Process where plants use light for food Step 1: Energy in the form of sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast Step 2: Energy captured is changed into food for plant

Photosynthesis REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION! Sunlight + CO2 + Water Glucose (food) + O2 REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION!

2 3 1 4 5 6 10 7 9 8 Review: Is this a plant or animal cell? Label the numbers 2 3 1 4 5 6 10 7 9 8

The Cell 1 2 3 4 5 Nucleolus 10 6 9 Cytoplasm 7 8

Cell transport - Diffusion the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration Does not require Energy Equilibrium when the molecules are even throughout a space

Osmosis Osmosis 80 % of cells is water the diffusion of water (across a membrane) Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (and hence a lower concentration of water) Does not require Energy

Active Transport Requires Energy (ATP) to carry an object into the cell. Carry molecules from low conc. to high conc. Uses Carrier Proteins act like doors to get the object into the cell. Used to carry minerals into cell (Na, K, Ca)

Endocytosis and Exocytosis Endo = In Exo = Out                                                             

Mitosis In order for an organism to grow, the cells must divide. Each new cell is called a daughter cell.