4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell A.Cell membrane B. Organelles

*Some substances can pass easily and others cannot A.Cell membrane ·Controls the ease with which substances cross the membrane ·Selectively permeable *Some substances can pass easily and others cannot ·Structure depends on its function *Made up of lipids (fats) and proteins

1. Membrane Lipids *Phospholipids make up the cell membrane. *Lipid bilayer contains hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.

2. Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates ·Peripheral proteins *Attach to surface of cell membrane. *On interior and exterior of cell. ·Integral proteins *Embedded in cell membrane.

Membrane Proteins ·  Both types of proteins form channels for nutrients to travel and also give cell its selectively permeable status.  Both the lipids and the proteins help in structure and support of the cell.

B. Organelles · One of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells. All organelles are membrane bound except one.

B. Organelles · Cytoplasm is the area between the nucleus and cell membrane which is made of a gelatin like substance called cytosol. It contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules (nutrients). We will look at 12 different organelles and their functions within the cell.

MR. GLEN went to the CCF to get some PVC

1. Mitochondria Transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP, which is energy that the cell can use.

2. Ribosome Not membrane bound. Functions in protein synthesis and important in synthesis of RNA

3. Golgi apparatus Processes and packages substances produced by the cell.

4. Lysosome *Stores enzymes. Digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances. Similar to a vacuole in a plant.

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum Two types, rough and smooth. The rough endoplasmic reticulum exports proteins and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum breaks down toxic substances, and synthesizes steroids.

6. Nucleus Stores hereditary information in DNA and synthesizes RNA.

7. Cytoskeleton Support, movement and division of cell. Made up of microfilaments and microtubules. Both are made of proteins.

8. Cilia Hairlike. Propels cell through its environment. More than flagella and shorter.

9. Flagella Move materials over cell surface. Also hairlike. Usually just a couple.

The last three are only found in plants.

 10. Plastid Like chloroplast, stores food or pigments.

11. Vacuole Stores enzymes and waste products. Similar to lysosome in an animal cell.

12. Cell wall Supports and protects cells.