Cells; The Basic Units of Life                                    Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cell Theory All Living things are made of cells The cell is the basic unit of life All cells come from other living things

#1 What are the three parts to the cell theory? All living things are made of cells The cell is the basic unit of life All cells come from preexisting cells

Types of Cells Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

#2 What are the two types of cells and why are there two types? Eukaryotic- because they have nuclei Prokaryotic- they DON’T have nuclei

Major Organelles of the Cell       

Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Wall

#3 What is the protective covering of all cells called? Cell Membrane

#4 What is the second protective covering of some cells called? Cell Wall

#5 What is the control center of the cell called? The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

#6 What is the organelle located inside the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomes called? Nucleolus

endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast vacuole golgi

#7 What is the organelle called that is responsible for transporting nutrients? Endoplasmic reticulum

#8 What is the storage area of a cell called? Vacuole

#9 What structure is responsible for breaking down molecules. Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Bodies

#10 What structure traps the sunlight for energy and what type of cell is it found in? It is the chloroplast, commonly found in plant, algae, and some bacteria cells

Mitochondria plastid

#11 What is the powerhouse of the cell called? Mitochondria

#12 What stores nutrients and pigments in plant cells? Plastids are like small vacuoles. They hold the leftover nutrients and pigments.

Cell Membrane Allows few things to enter the cell. Allows many things to exit the cell.

#13 What are the functions of the cell membrane? Protection of organelles inside the cell Permeation of substances Gives the cell its shape

#14 What does permeable mean? Stuff can enter or exit the cell

Cell Wall (bacteria)

Cell Wall (plant cell)

Cell Wall (algae)

#15 What three types of cells contain a cell membrane and a cell wall? Plant cells Algae cells Some bacteria cells

Nucleus The control center of the cell. It has its own protective membrane. It is responsible for the overall function of the cell. (The Brain of the Cell) The nucleolus makes new ribosomes.

#16 What is the function of the nucleus? It controls all functions of the cell. It is considered the brain of the cell.

Nucleus Nuclear envelope

#17 What regulates permeation of the nucleus? The nuclear envelope; which is a membrane around the nucleus only. It has small pores in it to allow information and ribosomes to leave the nucleus, but keeps everything else from entering the nucleus.

Jello that holds the organelles in place. Cytoplasm Jello that holds the organelles in place.

#18 What is the function of cytoplasm? It keeps all the organelles protected. It gives the cell its shape.

Mitochondria Responsible for converting food to energy

#19 What is the function of mitochondria? It is the powerhouse of the cell because it converts nutrients into energy.

Chloroplast Responsible for converting sunlight into energy

#20 What is the function of chloroplasts? It is responsible for trapping sunlight for energy.

Ribosomes Responsible for assembling proteins. Located throughout the cytoplasm. Also found on the endoplasmic reticulum.

#21 Where are ribosomes found? They’re found on endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the cytoplasm.

#22 What is the function of ribosomes? They assemble nutrients into molecules of protein to be used by the mitochondria.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports nutrients throughout the cell

#23 What is the function of er? It transports materials to be used throughout the cell.

#24 What is the difference between smooth er and rough er? Smooth er does not have ribosome on it. Rough er has ribosomes found on it.

Lysosomes Responsible for cleaning the inside of the cell.

#25 What is a lysosome? It is the cleaning organelle. It breaks up all the waste and dead material found in the cell.

Golgi Apparatus Storage area for proteins

#26 What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? It breaks down large molecules so that they can be utilized throughout the cell.

Vacuoles Storage for nutrients in plant and animal cells

#27 What is the function of a vacuole? It stores all nutrients and reserve energy.

Plastids Stores food and pigments in plant cells. Functions the same as a vacuole. Sometimes the chloroplast may be a plastid because it stores sunlight. Leukocytes are good examples of plastids.

#28 What is the function of a plastid? It is a secondary storage area responsible for holding extra nutrients that the vacuole can’t hold, as well as pigments.

#29 What organelle is sometimes just like a plastid? Why? The chloroplast is sometimes like a plastid because it holds the sunlight until it can be used.

The End