Atomic Theory & Atomic Structure Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure

Advertisements

History of the Atom & Atomic Structure

ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND HISTORY

Unit 2 – Atomic Theory Chapter 4 & 11.2 Unit Test:

Atomic Theory “History of. . . ”.

 You cannot see them, yet they make up everything…

Atomic Structure.

Development of the Atomic Theory

Chapter 2 Atoms, molecules, and ions

Chapter 3 History of the Atom.

Chemistry Chapter 3 Review Game. ChemistryChemistry Chemistry 1 point 1 point 1 point 1 point 1 point 1 point 1 point 1 point 2 points 2 points 2 points.

Atomic Theory Atoms are incredibly small!

Introduction to the Atom and Atomic Models

Atomic Structure History of Atomic Theory. Democritus ( BC) Was the first person to come up with the idea of atom Believed that all matter was.

Chapter 4: Glow in the Dark

The Atomic Model Chem 9.

Development of our understanding of the atom. Early Models Democritus was first to suggest atom in 4 th century B.C. Believed matter was made of tiny.

History of Atomic Structure

Unit: Atomic Structure

Chemistry Sheds Light on Our Lives Unit 4 Atoms and Light

Chapter 4: Discovery of Atomic Structure. Prentice Hall © 2003Chapter 2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure An ancient Greek named Democritus was the first.

Chemistry: Matter and Chemical Bonding Early Atomic Theories.

Atomic Theory Chapter 3 Sections 1 &2 9/18/14.

SCH4C UNIT 1: Matter and qualitative Analysis Atomic Theory

Chapter 2: The Atom Atom: The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element.

Atomic Structure. Way Early Theories Democritus ( BC) –First person to propose that matter is not infinitely divisible –Atomos –Matter is empty.

Atomic Theory “History of... ”. The Ancient Greeks Democritus and other Ancient Greeks were the first to describe the atom around 400 B.C. The atom was.

The Structure of the Atom

Chemistry AI Chapter 4 A. Atom (Section 4.1) 1. Democritus (460B.C.-370B.C.) The smallest part of an element that retains its identity during a chemical.

Atoms, Molecules and Ions

+ Unit 3 The History of the ATOM and Atomic Structures Democritus & Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Schrodinger.

Atomic Theory 15,000 kilotons.  Dismissed idea of the atom. Early Greeks Two schools of thought:  Matter is made of indestructible particles called.

Atomic Model History.

Atomic Structure. 1. Democritus: Around 300 BC, a Greek philosopher, Democritus stated that everything is made up of tiny, invisible particles He said.

The Chemical Behavior of Atoms Day 1. Curriculum  Big Idea: Atomic theory is the foundation for the study of chemistry.  Concept: Energy is absorbed.

Chapter 5 – Atomic Structure Atoms Structure of An Atom Distinguish Between Atoms The Periodic Table.

Ch. 4: Atomic Structure 4.1 Defining the Atom. History  Democritus named the most basic particle named the most basic particle atom- means “indivisible”

EARLY MODELS OF THE ATOM Models of Matter A model is a tentative description of a system or theory that accounts for all of its known properties Models.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Modern theory of matter. LET’S REVIEW Dalton’s atomic theory – Elements are made of atoms ; all atoms of an element are identical, atoms.

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure

Chapter 3 History of the Atom.

Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom

How do we know about atoms?

The Structure of an Atom

The Atom Chapters 4-5 Atomic Theories Democritus ~ 400 BC believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible Dalton ~ 1800’s Developed through experiments.

The History of Atoms Not the history of the atom itself, but the history of the idea of the atom.

Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom. first to suggest the existence of atoms believed atoms were small indivisible particles Atom: smallest particle.

+ ATOMIC THEORY. + Democritus Atom He was said to be the first step toward the current atomic theory. Hypothesized all matter is composed of tiny particles.

The Atom - Scientists. Philosophers Democritus – believed matter was not infinitely divisible THERE WERE NO EXPERIMENTS TO TEST HIS IDEAS Matter is composed.

Atomic Theory. Atomic History Ancient Greeks John Dalton JJ Thomson Ernest Rutherford James Chadwick Neils Bohr Erwin Schrödinger.

Atomic Structure.  Democritus (460 BC – 360 BC)  Ancient Greek philosopher ▪ No experiments performed!  Major Contribution: The Atom ▪ He proposed.

Greek Philosop hers Dalton’ s Atomic Theory How atoms differ Radioac tivity Types of radiatio n The atom Subatomic.

Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.

Atoms Miss Sauer’s 7 th Grade Science. Bill Nye: Atoms

Class Notes: Atomic Models. Democritus= 400 B.C. – said the world was made of two things: empty space and tiny particles called “atoms” --said atoms were.

Models of Atom 1) The concept of atom was born in Greece about 450 BC 2) Democritus, Greek scientist proposed that matter and motion are discontinuous.

1 UNIT 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 2 The Power of 10 nceopticsu/powersof10/

Atomic Structure Chapter 4. What is an atom? Draw a circle map for atoms Atom: the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical.

The Changing Model of the Atom. Aristotle 400 BCE claimed that there was no smallest part of matter different substances were made up of different proportions.

Unit 3: Atomic Structure. Atomic Structure  element  matter that is composed of one type of atom  atom  the smallest particle of an element that still.

Atomic Theory “History of. . . ”.

The development of the scientific model of the atom.

HISTORY of the Atom Atomic Model Development BC

BELLWORK 9/11/17 What is the atom?

Atomic Structure An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. Although early philosophers and scientists.

Atomic Structure.

Honors Coordinated Science II Wheatley-Heckman

Presentation transcript:

Atomic Theory & Atomic Structure Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

ATOMS = BUILDING BLOCKS Atoms- the smallest particle of matter which will exhibit the properties of that element. ATOMS = BUILDING BLOCKS Mg Na H

How small is an atom? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQnbF-zpDiM

The scale of things- Biggest Big Small Smallest Universe Galaxy Planetary Systems Planets Big Biospheres Ecosystems Populations Small Organisms Systems Organs Tissues Smallest Cells Cell Organelles Macromolecules Molecules Elements Atoms Wow! All of that is possible because of atoms.

When atoms are broken down, the parts (protons, electrons, and neutrons) of different elements look the same! That’s why we say that the atom is the smallest particle that retains it’s own unique properties.

Draw this… }nucleus Neutron (n0) Proton (p+) Electron (e-)

Mystery Box try to figure out what is inside the “Mystery Box” WITHOUT OPENING IT!!!! 

Atomic Model of Matter In order to develop the atomic theory of matter, scientists used indirect evidence without seeing or touching the object but relied on how matter behaves. This was WAY before technology actually allowed us to “SEE” an atom! 

Historical Development of the Atom (Atomic Theory) How did we discover atoms and all its parts?

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Democritus- 400 B.C.- atoms were first suggested by Democritus, an ancient Greek and student of Aristotle. Aristotle rejected this theory and claimed that his theory of matter being infinitely divisible and continuous in nature were correct.

John Dalton (1808)

John Dalton (1808) British chemist who was the first to have a theory about matter being composed of atoms and how these atoms might look and behave. He conceived of the atom as a solid billiard ball.

Dalton’s Model of the Atom DRAW THIS IN YOUR NOTES!! SOLID BALL OF MATTER (no protons, neutrons, or electrons!)

Dalton's Atomic Theory (Daton’s Postulates): All elements are composed of atoms that are indivisible. All atoms of the same element are identical. 3. Atoms of different elements are different (they have different numbers of protons, and they MAY also differ in mass numbers).

Dalton's Atomic Theory (Dalton’s Postulates): 4. Atoms of different elements can combine with each other in simple whole number ratios to form compounds. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. However, atoms of one element ARE NOT changed into atoms of another element by a chemical reaction.

J. J. Thomson (1903)

J. J. Thomson Thomson was a British chemist who discovered the electron with the cathode ray tube experiment! He was the first to discover one of the subatomic particles in the atom!

Thomson’s Model of the Atom DRAW THIS IN YOUR NOTES!! “Plum Pudding” or “Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough” Model. A ball of positive charge containing a number of electrons.

J. J. Thomson Cathode Ray Tube Experiment: Thomson shot an electrical charge through a cathode ray tube. He saw that the particles deflected towards the positive end of the tube. This meant that atoms contained a negative charge! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdTxGJjA4Jw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW_zfKOU9uM

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

Ernest Rutherford- 1911 discovered the nucleus with the gold foil experiment and realized that The main part of the atom’s mass is in the nucleus The nucleus has a positive charge. Atoms are mostly empty space except for the nucleus.

Rutherford’s Model of the atom DRAW THIS IN YOUR NOTES!! Empty Space Postively-charged Nucleus Negatively-charged Electrons

Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment: Shot alpha particles (positively-charged particles) at a sheet of gold foil. Saw that most particles pass through the foil and some deflected straight back at different angles. This meant that the atom is MOSTLY EMPTY SPACE with a positively-charge nucleus. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzALbzTdnc8&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pZj0u_XMbc

Niels Bohr (1913)

Neils Bohr was a student of Rutherford and believed that the model needed some improvement. Bohr proposed that an electron is found only in specific circular paths, or energy levels, around the nucleus.

Niels Bohr In the Bohr model: 1) each electron has a fixed energy called an energy level. 2) The lower the level, the lower the energy, the closer to the nucleus. 3) An electron cannot exist between energy levels. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCCz20JOXXk

Bohr’s Model of the atom DRAW THIS IN YOUR NOTES!! Nucleus Electrons (orbiting the nucleus)

Neils Bohr In the Bohr Model, to move from one energy level to another, an electron must gain or lose the right amount of energy. Quantum- the energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another. The energy of an electron is said to be quantized.

What are the parts of the atom? Atomic Structure What are the parts of the atom?

The Atom and subatomic particles- Protons- positively charged particles inside the nucleus, Protons DEFINE/IDENTIFY an atom!!!! Neutrons-neutral particles inside the nucleus Electrons-negatively-charged particles outside the nucleus

Practice: Particle Mass (kg) Mass (amu) Charge p+ 1.67493 x 10 -27 n

Parts of the Atom 1. Atomic Number (Z) - #p (number of protons) 2. Mass Number- #p + #n (everything in the nucleus). This is NOT on the P.T.!!!

Most atoms are NEUTRAL. This means #p = #e. But sometimes, the # of protons DOES NOT equal the # of electrons…

3. Ion: A charged atom (#p = #e) Cation: - POSITIVELY(+) charged atom that LOSES an electron Anion: - NEGATIVELY (-) charged atom that GAINS an electron

Isotopes 4. Isotope- an atom of the same element that has a different number of NEUTRONS

Reading the Periodic Table Atomic Number (#protons) 6 C Carbon 12.011 Element Symbol Element Name Average atomic Mass (amu)

6C 12 2- Atomic Symbols Charge Mass Number (#p + #n) (#p - #e) Mass Number (#p + #n) 6C 12 2- Atomic Number (#p)

Other Info Mass Number = #p + #n About electrons: NOT the same as Atomic Mass… you CAN’T find this on the P.T.! About electrons: If #e = #p --- NEUTRAL ATOM If #e = #p --- ION

Beans activity A Carbon atom has: Create a “bean atom” of carbon. 6 protons 6 neutrons 8 electrons Create a “bean atom” of carbon. Is this atom NEUTRAL? Why or why not? What is the charge of this atom?

Beans activity A different Carbon atom has: 6 protons 7 neutrons 8 electrons Create a “bean atom” of carbon. What is different about this atom? What is it called when two atoms of the same element have different number of neutrons?