21st Century Literacies ICSD August 16, 2006 Plan to complete in 3 hours with 10 min break in the middle

American Photography A Century of Images part III

People absorb impressions rather than substance Michael Deaver President Ronald Reagan’s Press Secretary

In March, 2003, 57% of Americans were under the Saddam Hussein “helped the terrorists in the September 11 attacks.” Pew Research Center impression that

Harris Poll July, % of Americans now believe that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction when the U.S. invaded in That is up from 36% a year ago.

"An enlightened citizenry is indispensable for the proper functioning of a republic. Self-government is not possible unless the citizens are educated sufficiently to enable them to exercise oversight. It is therefore imperative that the nation see to it that a suitable education be provided for all its citizens." Thomas Jefferson

21st century literacies… are essential for the development of informed, reflective and active citizens in a democratic society

Who are we teaching? Where are they going? The average student in ICSD is 11 or 12. In 30 years she will reach her prime at age 42. (We can quibble about what prime means.) That will be the year 2036!

What will our students need to operate effectively in 2036? Please go to and share your thoughts on this.

The average number of books read per year by an American adult after leaving school is… less than one 60% of the adult population has never read a book of any kind (Berman, 2001) 73% of Americans can name the Three Stooges 42% can name the three branches of government (Zogby International, 2006).

Generation M: Media ln the Lives of 8-18 year olds 2005 Kaiser Family Foundation study Kaiser Family Foundation the average time 8-18 year-olds spend with media (not school related) per day? 6:21 hours per day 8:21 hours of media content

2005. Kaiser Family Foundation reading………………………… books/magazines/newspapers listening to music……………… Radio/CD/tapes/MP3s watching movies………………. in the theatre watching TV…………………… TV/videos/DVDs/prerecorded shows using the computer……………. online/offline playing video games…………… console/handheld time spent with different media

2005. Kaiser Family Foundation reading………………………… :43 books/magazines/newspapers listening to music……………… 1:44 Radio/CD/tapes/MP3s watching movies………………. :25 in the theatre watching TV…………………… 3:51 TV/videos/DVDs/prerecorded shows using the computer……………. 1:02 online/offline playing video games…………… :49 console/handheld time spent with different media

Where Americans learn about the candidates and campaigns: from Pew Research Center (2004) regularly learn something from local TV news Nightly network news Daily newspaper Internet20167 Web sites and news orgs15138 ISP news pages (e.g. AOL, Yahoo) Comedy TV shows2163 Late night TV shows1378

Where did we go to get quick access to information… 40 years ago? 100 years ago? 15 years ago? Where do our students go today?

46% of college students report having had some training in how to judge the credibility of sources on the internet. This is up from 10% in Most reported that they learned to judge credibility based solely on evaluating the URL -.edu,.org, and.gov are credible.com and.net are not credible (Scheibe, 2006)

Bloom’s Taxonomy- Higher Level Thinking Evaluation : Make recommendations, assess value and make choices, critique ideas Synthesis : Discuss “what if” situations, create new ideas, predict and draw conclusions Analysis : Recognize patterns and meaning, see parts and whole Application:Use information in new situation, solve problems Comprehension:Finding meaning,compare, restate,summarize Knowledge: dates,events, places,vocabulary, key ideas

21st century literacies… are an expansion of traditional literacy that insists on the use of both analysis and production of all mediated forms of communication, from books to web sites are not a matter of integrating a new area into our curriculum, this is core literacy work. Technology has given us the tools to really teach true constructive literacy… and the kids are already using it… author

break 10 minutes

21st century literacies have multiple interwoven strands Most dictionaries define literacy as the ability to read and write. Today the definition has been expanded. Many now consider literacy to be the ability to locate, evaluate, use, and communicate using a wide range of resources including text, visual, audio, and video sources. ( ) the variety of new literacies can be appreciated by visiting:

. “Teens and Technology” 7/27/2005 Amanda Lenhart, Mary Madden, Paul Hitlin Pew Internet and American Life Project

87% of 12 to 17 year-olds use the internet (vs 66% of adults) Of these online teens: 51% go online every day. 51% live in homes with broadband connections. 81% play games online (52% increase since 2000) vs 32% of adults 76% get news online (38% increase since 2000) 57% create content for the internet (web pages, blogs, etc.) 4 million young Americans have created their own “Blog” Wired Teens

Content Creators Most teens who use the Internet have done one or more of the following: * created a blog or webpage, * posted original artwork, photography, stories or videos online * remixed online content into their own new creations. * downloaded music and video from the internet using multiple sources to get their files.

Teen Demographics the Power Users Girls ages year-old are the power users of the online teen cohort. Older girls dominate in use of , IM, text messaging, and selected information-seeking activities: of girls ages 15-17: 97% have used IM vs 87% of older boys 57% have ever sent a text message vs 40% of older boys 51% have bought something online. the 7th grade surge 60% of 6th graders used the Internet (44% boys, 79% girls) 82% of 7th graders 94% of 11th and 12th graders.

Teen Internet use by ethnicity : White teens: 87% Latino teens: 89% African American teens: 77% Teen Demographics

Teen Internet use by family income 73% of teens from families earning under $30,000 go on line 90% of teens from families earning over $30,000 go on line Teen Demographics

The Internet and school Teen metaphors - the Internet is a virtual: textbook and reference library tutor and study shortcut study group guidance counselor locker, backpack, and notebook.

The vast majority of students report that their teachers do not give homework assignments that require using the Internet Students report wanting to have more - and more engaging - Internet activities in school The Internet and school

New Technologies include: Instant Messenger on line social networking blogs wikis video games cell phones podcasting

Questions to ask about these new technologies : What are the qualities of these new media? Why are they so popular with teens? What concerns do they raise for us as educators? What are the implications for teaching and learning?

Qualities of New Technologies : non-linear interactive open source personalized co-created mobile

linear or non-linear communication?

storytelling………

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………...

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV………

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV……… linear

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV……... linear the internet ……..

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV….….. linear the internet …….. non-linear

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV……... linear the internet …….. non-linear video games…….

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV……... linear the internet …….. non-linear video games……. non-linear

linear or non-linear communication? storytelling……… linear books …………... linear movies/TV……... linear the internet …….. non-linear video games……. non-linear

The digital world is… non-linear

Teaching nonlinear literacies may mean: A perceived loss of control as students make more choices. Thus: A need for more linear planning and direct teaching to guide students toward meaningful learning

The brain learns in a nonlinear fashion. The brain seeks patterns connections relationships between and among prior and new learning. -Gregory, Kuzmich, 2005

The digital world is… interactive - social

Marzano found a 27% increase in student achievement when cooperative learning was used consistently in classrooms… That’s better than aspirin!

Why? The brain is a social organ. Collaboration facilitates understanding and higher order thinking. -Parry, Gregory, 2003

75% of online teens use instant messaging. 45% of teens have their own cells phone 33% of teens have sent a text message. Although… teens spend 7.8 hours a week talking with friends via technology (phone, IM, etc.), they spend 10.3 hours socializing with friends outside of school The landline telephone remains the most often cited communication technology used by teens. For talking with their friends teens report: 51% choose landline telephone, 24% Instant Messenger 12% cell phone, 5% , 3% text messaging Teens Talking

The digital world is… open source networked

The digital world is… personalized “pull in” media vs “push in” media Blog Readers:

The digital world is… co-created writing blogging sampling music podcasting producing video

The digital world is… mobile iPods Blackberries cell phones ????

Our students are “technology natives.” They know nothing less than the mobility of literacy: information where and when you need it. Colonial Williamsburg podcasts Audio books

New Media Old Media non linear……… interactive.…….. open source……. personalized…… co-created……… mobile…………. linear static closed source mass produced consumed fixed

The traditional classroom is… non linear……… interactive.…….. open source……. personalized…… co-created……… mobile…………. linear static closed source mass produced consumed fixed

New media will spur demands for more constructivist learning that allows students to: make their own connections interact with diverse sources and authorities actively apply their knowledge and skills publicly present their own work make choices about what/when/how to learn extend learning outside of the classroom

21st Century Literacies Workshop Outcomes: Provide rationale why we need to adapt and expand our approach to literacy Introduce new technologies, new literacies, and implications for teaching and learning Demystify new media through giving participants hand-on exposure Expose participants to on-line classroom models for integrating new literacies Identify next steps and support needed for this work at personal and District levels