This information will be on the test Review for Cell Test This information will be on the test

2 Basic Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes (bacteria) Small cells (generally single celled organisms) Simple cells No nucleus Lacking internal membrane-bound structures 2. Eukaryotes (animal, plant, fungi, protists) Bigger cells (either single celled or made up of many cells) More complex cells Have a nucleus Containing membrane-bound structures

Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) Check drawing and outline from class Separates the inside from the outside of the cell and is selectively permeable Only lets select materials in/out Maintains homeostasis Made of: Phospholipid Bilayer Cholesterol Keeps fatty acids tails from sticking Carbohydrates Stick out of cell and used as an identity marker Transport Proteins Transports materials in/out of cell

Outside of cell Extracellular Face – Side that faces outward Intracellular Face – Side that faces cytoplasm Inside of cell

Molecular Kinetics 3 6 1 2 f(1-2) < f (2-1)

Determine which cell is in a hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solution Determine which cell is in a hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solution. Check Hand – Outs and Notes C B A

Side A and B have same volume Side A is a 1.0 M glucose solution, Side B is pure water. Solvent Permeable Membrane (Only lets water through) What would the equation be? Where would most of the water flow?

Parts of the microscope Eye Piece Objective Lens Stage Course Adjustment Diaphragm (regulates light intensity) Fine Adjustment

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Parts Cell Parts and Functions Nucleus – Holds DNA and is control center Ribosomes – Make Protein Golgi Apparatus – Packages / Sorts Protein Mitochondria – Provides Energy for Cells Vacuole – Stores material like water Cell Membrane – Controls what enters / leaves cell Cell Wall – Support / Protects Plant Cells Chloroplast – Captures light to give plants energy Lysosomes – Break down waste / Digest cell parts Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transports Proteins Cytoplasm – Jelly like fluid inside of cell

The Cell Cycle What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? What is the longest phase of interphase?

Interphase (notice no chromosomes visible)

Prophase

Metaphase Chromosomes move to the equator

Anaphase Centromeres split apart and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

Telophase 2 distinct daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase