Cell Processes and Energy Table of Contents Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Cell Division

Log: Feb.14th Read and complete question on page 44 My planet diary

The Sun as an Energy Source Nearly all living things obtain energy from the sun directly or indirectly through the process of photosynthesis. See page 46

Energy Processes Producers Consumers Makes their own food Autotrophs All Plants Heterotrophs All Animals and Fungi

Photosynthesis; How living organisms get energy from the sun First Stage of Photosynthesis The first stage of photosynthesis powers the “energy engine” of the living world.

Stage 1 Photosynthesis Stage 1 Stage 2 Chlorophyll acts similar to solar cells and captures light energy H2O is split Oxygen is given off as waste Hydrogen is used in stage 2 The second stage of photosynthesis makes food for a plant. CO2 enters the plant H and CO2 react Produce C6H12O6

Photosynthesis Producing Food The second stage of photosynthesis makes food for a plant. How can the information for Stage 1 and Stage 2 be completed?

What is the process of photosynthesis? Write the chemical formula for photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration Lesson 2 Cellular Respiration = the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. (glucose = most common sugar in foods) During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen which allows for energy to be released. Organisms and cells need energy all the time  so cellular respiration is continuous. Cellular respirations is not the same as breathing respiration, but these 2 cycles do work together.

Cellular Respiration Lesson 2 Getting Energy How does the hiker's energy and breathing rate change as she climbs?

Complete the concept map about cellular respiration. Write the chemical formula for cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration Releasing Energy Cellular respiration takes place in two stages. What terms will complete the sentences?

Log: Feb 28th Summarize the Yeast lab. What cellular process occurred? What proved that this process was occurring? What prevented Oxygen form being present?

Cellular Respiration Opposite Processes Producers carry out photosynthesis, but producers and consumers both carry out cellular respiration. Use the word bank to complete the blank boxes.

Connection Between Photosynthesis and Respiration cells take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Chloroplast Respiration cells use oxygen to break down glucose and release energy and carbon dioxide Mitochondria Click

Section 2 Cell Energy Chapter 4

Fermentation = an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen Alcoholic Fermentation - in yeast or single celled organisms -produces: alcohol, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of energy - Carbon dioxide release makes the bubbles or air holes in bread or bubbles in sparkling or carbonated drinks Lactic Acid Fermentation - Muscle cells can break down glucose without oxygen but lactic acid is produced instead of the water & carbon dioxide, a small amount of energy is also released

Getting Energy from Food, Section 2 Cell Energy Chapter 4 Getting Energy from Food, When muscles can’t get the oxygen for cellular respiration, they use fermentation to get energy. Fermentation is the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen. It produces a small amount of ATP Occurs Product 1st Type Animal Muscles (some fungi an bacteria) Causes muscle fatigue Lactic Acid 2nd Type Bacteria and Yeast Causes holes in bread CO2 and Alcohol

Cellular Respiration Fermentation A ball of bread dough mixed with yeast is left in a bowl at room temperature. As time passes, the dough increases in size.

Log: March 1st Write the chemicals equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How are the two connected? Explain.

The table below compares the length of different cell cycles. Cell Division Lesson 3 Comparing Cell Cycles The table below compares the length of different cell cycles.

Log: March 2, 2011 True or False The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. In the first stage of respiration a great deal of energy is required from the sun. ATP can be made from fermentation or cellular respiration.

Function of the Cell cycle The cell cycle allows cell to Grow Repair Reproduce Turn to Page 57 How does each picture represent cell division

Cell Cycle: What happens? The cell will grow Prepare for cell division Divide into two cell called “daughter cells”

The cell is growing and making copies of its DNA Cell Division Interphase: Preparing to Divide The changes in a cell during interphase prepare the cell for mitosis. The cell is growing and making copies of its DNA Growing What organelles are produced to aid this process? 2. Copying DNA What form is the DNA in? 3. Preparing for division What structures are made?

Cell Division When one cell splits in half during cell division, the result is two new cells. Each of those two cells can divide into two more, and so on.

Log Time What are the 3 functions of cell division? Write out the 6 vocab words and define for section 3

Cell Division Mitosis: Prophase Mitosis begins with prophase, which involves further changes to the cell.

Nucleic Acid Long organic molecules consisting of C,O ,H and N. They carry instructions for cells One type of cell Nucleic Acid is DNA The shape of DNA is referred to as a double helix

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Chapter 4 Section 3 The Cell Cycle Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Mitosis has four phases: prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle, continued Chapter 4 Section 3 The Cell Cycle Mitosis and the Cell Cycle, continued Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm. In animal cells and other eukaryotes that do not have cell walls, division of the cytoplasm begins at the cell membrane. In plant cells and in other eukaryotes with cell walls, a cell plate forms and the cell splits into two cells.

Cell Division The Cell Cycle Centriole pairs Spindle fiber Centromere Chromatids The Cell Cycle Cells undergo an orderly sequence of events as they grow and divide. What are the missing parts of the stages?

Before a cell divides, it must make a copy of its DNA which is organized into structures called chromosomes. Each Human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes

Cell Division Length of a Liver Cell Cycle Human liver cells generally reproduce less than once per year. At other times, they can complete one cell cycle in about 22 hours.

Log: March 2011 What happens during telophase? In what process/stage does the cell make a copy of DNA?

Log: March 2011 What is Mitosis? What are the two new cells called at the end of the cell cycle?