Sc 9: Ch 1 Matter

Some Vocabulary Review to Start… Matter : Anything that has mass and volume Mass : the amount of matter in a substance Volume : The amount of space that matter occupies. Property : A characteristic used to describe matter. Qualitative: can be described but not measured Quantitative: can be measured numerically.

Atom : the smallest part of an element that still has the same properties of that element. Molecule : two or more atoms chemically combined. (either the sameor different atoms) Element : A substance that contains only one type of atom Compound : A substance that contains two or more different types of atoms, chemically combined. Pure Substance : A substance that has the same properties in any sample you choose. Can be an element or a compound.

Models for Matter Each geometric shape represents a type of atom. When the shapes are drawn together, they represent atoms that are chemically combined. Ex. 1: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 2: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 3: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 4: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 5: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 6: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both? Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Changes to Matter Physical Changes : Changes in which no new substance is formed. Ex. Chemical Change : Changes in which new substances are formed. Ex.

Clues that suggest a CHEMICAL change has occurred: 1. a new may appear 2. or may be given off 3. or may be formed. 4. material (a may form in a liquid 5. The change may be difficult to colour Gasbubbles LightSound A solid precipitate reverse

Activity 1-2A – Bag of Change

Activity 2B: Observing Changes in Matter. Science Probe 9, page 24,25 Purpose: To observe and classify physical changes, chemical changes, or situations where nothing appears to change.

Materials: Safety goggles, Lab Coat GlovesSmall piece of steel wool Two pieces of copper wire (2cm) Tongs Bunsen burner Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) Four test tubes in a rack Magnesium ribbon (2 cm strip) Sodium carbonate solution (NaCO 3 ) Calcium chloride solution (CaCl 2 ) Copper sulphate crystals (CuSO 4 ) Heat proof test tube Test tube holder Water in dropper bottle

KMT! All matter is made up of The particles are always There is _____ between the particles shows what happens when temp is increased solid, liquid, gas animation In a gas: In a liquid: IN a solid:

3. The particles are contstan To make the molecules Move faster, you…

Changes of State and KMT Eureka - molecules in solids solid liquid gas condensationSolidification (freezing) meltingevaporation

Summary StateShapeVolumeSpace between molecules Solid Liquid Gas Fixed small Takes shape Of Container Fixed fixedMedium Takes shape Of container Takes as much Volume as allowed V. Large

Atomic Theory Our understanding of the atom didn’t happen overnight!!

Contributions: John Dalton Some of Dalton's symbols for the elements with his estimates of molecular weight

What did Dalton’s Theory state: (4 things) Matter is made of atoms Atoms are indivisible, and Cannot be created or destroyed Different elements have different Sized and shaped atoms Compounds =different atoms chemically combined “The solid sphere model” Atoms are seen as solid, indestructible spheres (like billiard balls)

J.J Thomson “raisin Bun” model Discovered electrons (atoms ≠indivisible?!) -thought atoms were like a ball Of (+) charged particles with (-) charged particles dispersed

Ernest Rutherford ( ) Some bounced back?! Like shooting a cannon at a piece of paper and having it bounce back! Discovered The NUCLEUS. Later, he Figured out That the Nucleus Is made of PROTONS

Rutherford had discovered the NUCLEUS. Later, he named the PROTONS and NEUTRONS that make up the nucleus. Rutherford’s Model of an ATOM

Niels Bohr ( ) Electrons are restricted to “energy levels” = “shells or orbitals”

the Atomic Theory Song

Today’s Model of Atoms Mass in AMU! Electrons don’t “orbit!”