Demographic Transition Model

Demographic Transition Occurs in 4 stage These stages track a countries level of development Predicts the stability, growth or decline of the number of people in a population

Countries in Stage 1 Characteristics Low growth Have high birth rates and high death rates The population is stable ( not growing) found in Pre-Industrial Societies Ex: indigenous communities ( Pre-Agricultural Revolution) Reasons Lack of clean water, sanitation, medical care, education Lack of family planning (use, access or need)

Countries in Stage 2 Characteristics High growth Birth rate remains high death rate is falling Population grows steadily Ex Yemen, Afghanistan, Laos, Swaziland, Bangladesh Reasons 2nd Agricultural Revolution Industrialization begins Medical care Improves (just a little bit) Family planning still not widely used

Countries in Stage 3 Characteristics Reasons Decreasing growth Birth Rates (Natality) fall Infant Mortality Rates Decline Death Rates (Mortality) fall However Population is still growing Industrialization continues Urbanization Increases EX: Mexico, Colombia, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Libya Reasons Cultural shift- people begin to favor small families Status of Women Rises Family planning available Education- Literacy Rates increase for both women and men Healthcare and Sanitation improves Increased standard of living

Countries in Stage 4 Characteristics Low growth Birth rates very low Death rates very low Population is steady or shrinking EX: Japan, Canada, China, most of Europe Reasons High standard of living Healthcare and Sanitation widely available (long life expectancy) Elevated status of Women More women in the labor force Cultural attitudes favor smaller families Education more readily accessible

Demographic Transition Model * Preindustrial Stage Early Expanding Stage Late Expanding Postindustrial Birth Rate and death rate (per 1000) Low Increasing High Decreasing Growth Rate over Time

Link to Population Pyramids

Link to Population Pyramids?

Link to Population Pyramids?