Demystifying Home Energy Use May 21, 2015 Central Brevard Library Cocoa, Florida Janet McIlvaine and David Beal Buildings Research Division Research Analysts (Please include “home energy” in your subject line.)

o FSEC established in 1975 by Florida Legislature o 30 years of energy efficiency research for Homes and Buildings for Florida o Certifications, Training, & K-12 STEM Teachers Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) 1679 Clearlake Rd Cocoa, FL Corner of Michigan & Clearlake on the UCF Cocoa Campus

o Measured building energy use savings o Develop guidelines for contractors o Does it work in the real world?  Real houses and full scale residential & commercial labs Florida Solar Energy Center Buildings Research Scope

Florida Solar Energy Center Buildings Research Scope o Investigate How Houses Use Energy  Goal: Minimize Energy Use Without Sacrificing Health, Safety, Durability, or Comfort  Do no harm  Combustion safety caution

Researchers Conclude: It’s Complicated! Use free resources at and consult a RESNET certified home energy rater and/or an Energy Star certified heating & cooling contractorwww.fpl.com

$1,885 Annually $0 Annually Florida Solar Energy Center Buildings Research Basics o Department of Energy Goal: zero energy homes  Produced power ≥ Needed power - annually  Maintain or improve occupant safety and comfort, indoor air quality, & building durability

Florida Solar Energy Center Zero Energy Home Basics Off-the-grid or grid-tied (above) zero energy houses offset power use with power produced by solar electric panels. Excess sold to the utility. Photo Credit: Energy Farm Australia

o Is Zero Energy practical for new homes? Yes - see case studies  Engineered set of improvements & detailing to prevent failures o Zero Energy by design: HERS Index score ≤ 0 (with Solar) o HERS Index score = ~55 (w/o Solar) Florida Solar Energy Center Zero Energy New Homes This Home Without Solar 55 Typical new FL home

o Is Zero Energy practical for existing homes? In research realm  Carefully selected measures  Time line complications  Comprehensive plan to prevent failures Florida Solar Energy Center Zero Energy Existing Homes Private Residence, 1959 Cocoa Beach, FL

Pre $754 Post $557$377 v $278 Florida Solar Energy Center Typical Projected Annual Energy Use for 70 Florida Homes Retrofit Status Cond Area Ft 2 Average Day kWh Average Day $ Average Month $ Average Year $ Average Year $/Ft 2 Before1,365 ft240 kWh$ 5.16$ 157$ 1,885$1.42 After1,365 ft229 kWh$ 3.82$ 116$ 1,394$1.05

Daily Average Use = 43 kWh, $5.16 = $154 Monthly = $1,883 Annually = $1.79 per square foot/year 1050 ft2, 3 BR, slab on grade, concrete block, ~1993 construction Typical Residential Energy Use in Florida Heating & Cooling 40.7% Other 19.6% Refrigerator 7.9% Dryer 8.6% Range 4.4% Water Heating 18.7%

Typical Residential Energy Use in Florida Daily Average Use = 39.1 kWh, $4.69 = $141 Monthly = $1,712 Annually = $1.05 per square foot/year 1627 ft2, 3 BR, slab on grade, concrete block, 2003 construction

Typical Residential Measured Energy Use YearCond Area Ft 2 Avg Day kWh Avg Day $ Avg Month $ Avg Year $ Avg Year/Ft 2 $ 19931,05043$5.16$154$1,883$ , $4.69$141$1,712$1.05

Typical Cooling Load Energy Use in Florida

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Decade Average Pre-retrofit HERS Index Scores 1970’s ’s ’s ’s ’s Zero Energy New Home Before Solar

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction HERS Index Examples 2000’s = ’s = 150 Solar Ready = 55 Zero Energy = -6 How Low Can Existing Homes Go? Cost Effectively!

70 House Field Study of “Deep Energy Retrofits” 30% HERS Index Improvement Goal Nearly All Improvements Packages Predicted Positive Cash Flow Partner map Partnerships Map:

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Pre- & Post-Retrofit HERS Indices Existing homes made as good as new! 18 Typical New Florida Home Typical New Florida Homes

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Wide Variation in HERS Index Score Among Houses of Similar Age Typical New Florida Homes

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Existing Unoccupied Homes in Palm Bay, Florida Pre-retrofit HERS Index score = 121 HERS Index score = 65 (46% improvement) Florida Solar Energy Center Comprehensive Renovation Foreclosed Home Rehab, 1973 Palm Bay, FL

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Energy Retrofit Package – Replacement HVAC equipment – SEER 15, HSPF 8.5 – Increase ceiling insulation to R38 – Air sealing – ACH50 = 7.44 (average new 6) – Duct replacement & sealing – Qn = 0.07 – Replacement Windows (U = 0.32, SHGC = 0.28) – Energy Star refrigerator – Replacement Water heater EF = 0.92 – 90% CFL or Fluorescent Tube Lighting – Replacement Lighter shingle color – Efficient ceiling fans – 130W at medium speed Florida Solar Energy Center Comprehensive Renovation

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Energy Retrofit Package – Total cost for energy related improvements = ~$24,000 – INCREMENTAL cost =~$5,000 (out of $24,000) Florida Solar Energy Center Comprehensive Renovation % HERS Index Improvement46% Incremental Improvement Costs$5,013 Additional Monthly Mortgage+$34 Monthly Energy Savings-$49 Monthly Cash Flow+$15 Simple Payback (years)8

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction 70 House Deep Retrofit Field Study 13 Most Prevalent Key Strategies 13 Key Efficiency Strategies in Order of Prevalence Deep Retrofits (n = 46) Non-Deep Retrofits (n = 24) All Houses (n = 70) 1. At Replacement, Higher HVAC efficiency96%71%87% 2. Additional ceiling insulation93%63%83% 3. Whole-house air sealing (Reduced ACH50)92%77%88% 4. Air distribution system sealing (reduced Qn,out)86%68%80% 5. At Replacement, Low-e windows or 6. Apply high perf. film80%46%67% 7. At Replacement, ENERGY STAR ® refrigerator76%71%74% 8. At Replacement, Highest efficiency tank type water heater70%38%59% 9. At Replacement, 30% more fluorescent fixtures/bulbs52%42%49% 10. Programmable thermostat48%42%46% 11. At Replacement, R-6 ducts39%13%30% 12. At Replacement, Higher reflectivity exterior wall color30%8%23% 13. At Replacement, Higher reflectivity roof shingles30%13%24% 14. At Replacement, Higher efficiency ceiling fan(s)15%13%14%

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Cost Effective Efficiency Enhancements and Replacements Anytime, low-cost measures: Behavior Modification House sealing* (92% of the deep retrofits) Duct sealing* (86%) CFLs (52% increased CFL count by 30%+) Programmable thermostat (48%) New: Insulate hot water heater* & accessible hot water pipes Anytime, moderate-cost measures Insulate ceiling to R-38 (93% insulated to R-30+) *Heed combustion safety cautions. Contact Janet McIlvaine,

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction At replacement, no/low cost measures: (Higher efficiency choices at change-out) ENERGY STAR® appliances (76% of the deep retrofits) Higher efficiency water heater (EF ≥ 0.92) (70%) – Consider much bigger savings with heat pump water heater or solar or instantaneous gas Choose higher insulated (R-6) duct work (39%) Choose lighter exterior colors when time to reroof (30%)...or paint exterior (30%) ENERGY STAR® fans (15%) 25 Cost Effective Efficiency Enhancements and Replacements

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction At replacement, moderate/high cost measures: (Higher efficiency choices at change-out) ≥15 SEER AC; Heat pump in Central FL (96% of the deep retrofits replaced ACs, 95% of those SEER ≥ 15) ENERGY STAR® windows or apply low SHGC film (80%) (SHGC ≤ 0.27; U-value ≤ 0.60) 26 Cost Effective Efficiency Enhancements and Replacements

Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction Behavior Modification – Maintain your central air conditioner Keep filter clean Set fan to “auto” instead of “on” – Set thermostat as high as you are comfortable and maintain ~5° higher when not at home Every 1° cooler = Approx 6% cooling energy – Turn off ceiling fans when occupants are not present (1 fan continuous oper. = approx $7/month) – When washing in hot water, adjust the load selector to match the actual size of the load. – Keep the lint filter in your dryer clean Cost Effective Efficiency Enhancements and Replacements

It’s Complicated: Mix & Size of End-Uses at Each Site Unique

Spam, spam, spam! Scam, scam, scam! Scram, scram, scram!

Attic Radiant Barrier Savings Claim = 40%

Insulation for Block Walls Savings Claim = 50%

Attic Radiant Barrier Savings Claim = 35%

Window Replacement Savings Claim = 30%

Attic Radiant Barrier Savings Claim = 20%

Solar Panels (Electric ) Savings Claim = 30%

Thank You !