Wisconsin Department of Health Services January 2014 P-00522H Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Healthy Growth and Development

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Background Overview of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators Rationale Key points Data Infant mortality and low birthweight Risk factors Health care access and utilization References Links to additional reports and resources Contacts Chapter Outline 2 Chapter outline

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Report Overview This chapter is part of a larger report created by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to track progress on the objectives of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 (HW2020) and identify health disparities in the state. The full report is available at: The report is designed to address the Health Focus Areas in HW2020. Where direct measures exist, data are presented; where direct measures are not available, related information may be included. Information about populations experiencing health disparities is provided in the Health Focus Area chapters and is summarized in separate chapters devoted to specific populations. Technical notes are available at: Report overview 3

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Report Format Full Report Format: PDF Intended use: reference document Chapters Format: Annotated PowerPoint slide set Intended uses: presentations to –Decision-makers –Service providers –Community leaders –The public Sample annotated slide Report overview 4

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Report Outline Executive Summary Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Demographic overview Section 3: Health focus areas Section 4: Infrastructure focus areas Section 5: Data summaries by population Section 6: Technical notes Report overview 5

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Report Outline: Detail Section 3: Health focus areas Alcohol and other drug use Chronic disease prevention and management Communicable diseases Environmental and occupational health Healthy growth and development Injury and violence Mental health Nutrition and healthy foods Oral health Physical activity Reproductive and sexual health Tobacco use and exposure Section 4: Infrastructure focus areas Access to health care Report overview 6

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Report Outline: Detail Section 5: Data summaries by population  Racial/ethnic minority populations o American Indians o Asians o Blacks o Hispanics  People of lower socioeconomic status  People with disabilities  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations  Geography Report overview 7

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Data notes Please refer to the Technical Notes chapter for a more detailed description of limitations and methods: The 95% confidence intervals are denoted by error bars. Where confidence intervals do not overlap, as shown in the example on the right, differences are statistically significant. Larger confidence intervals may indicate less reliable estimates that should be interpreted with caution. Population estimates that are considered unreliable are excluded. Misclassification of racial/ethnic groups may affect the accuracy of rates. Unless otherwise indicated, the Hispanic population may include people of various races; Whites, Blacks, Asians, and American Indians are non- Hispanic. Report overview 8

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Factors that influence health Social determinants of health Source: University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. County Health Rankings 2013, Report overview 9

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Objective 1 By 2020, increase the proportion of children who receive periodic developmental screening and individualized intervention. Objective 1 Indicators Proportion of parents reporting that a health provider assessed their child’s learning, development, communication, or social behavior. Number of children who received services from the Birth to Three program during the first year of life. Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Healthy Growth and Development Profile. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators 10 HW2020 objectives

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Objective 2 By 2020, provide pre-conception and inter-conception care to Wisconsin women in population groups disproportionately affected by poor birth outcomes. Objective 2 Indicators Rates of avoidable infant and fetal death. Percentage of births to women with avoidable risks for poor birth outcomes. Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Healthy Growth and Development Profile. 11 Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators HW2020 objectives

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Objective 3 By 2020, reduce the racial and ethnic disparities in poor birth outcomes, including infant mortality. Objective 3 Indicators Disparity ratios for infant mortality, low birthweight, prematurity, and timing of entry into the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Healthy Growth and Development Profile. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators 12 HW2020 objectives

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Rationale Healthy growth and development in early life have a profound effect on health across the life span. Research demonstrates a link between early life events and adult chronic diseases. Babies born at lower birthweights have an increased risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure in later life. Infants with poor birth outcomes begin life with multiple risk factors that may prevent them from reaching their full health and development potential. Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Healthy Growth and Development Profile. 13 Rationale

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Key points While Wisconsin’s infant mortality rate has declined over the past 10 years, notable racial disparities remain. In 2010, the Black infant mortality rate (13.9 deaths per 1,000 live births) was approximately three times greater than for Whites (4.9 per1,000). During , nearly two out of three births to Black mothers in Wisconsin were the result of unintended pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy is much more common than drinking during pregnancy. An estimated one out of five Black women who recently gave birth smoked during pregnancy. In more than one-third of Laotian/Hmong births, the mother did not receive first-trimester care, nearly three times the rate among White births. Rates of drinking during pregnancy were similar by race/ethnicity. Among the racial and ethnic groups reported here, Hispanic women were the least likely to smoke or drink during a recent pregnancy. 14 Key points

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Infant mortality and low birthweight 15

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Infant mortality by race/ethnicity, rate per 1,000 births, Wisconsin, Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates. Infant mortality and low birthweight 16

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of low birthweight (<5.5 pounds) births, by maternal race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident birth certificates. Infant mortality and low birthweight 17

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of low birthweight (<5.5 pounds) births, by maternal education level, Wisconsin, Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident birth certificates. 18 Infant mortality and low birthweight

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Risk factors 19

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Unintended pregnancy as a percent of births, by race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, Risk factors Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, PRAMS,

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of new mothers who drank alcohol during the last three months of pregnancy, by race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, Risk factors Source: Wisconsin PRAMS, Division of Public Health, Department of Health Services. Note: “Other” includes Asians and American Indians. 21

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of new mothers who smoked during the last three months of pregnancy, by race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, Risk factors Source: Wisconsin PRAMS, Division of Public Health, Department of Health Services. Note: “Other” includes Asians and American Indians. 22

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of new mothers who smoked postpartum, by race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, Risk factors Source: Wisconsin PRAMS, Division of Public Health, Department of Health Services. Note: “Other” includes Asians and American Indians. 23

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Health care access and utilization 24

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of births to mothers who received prenatal care during the first trimester, by race/ethnicity, Wisconsin, 2010 Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident birth certificates. Health care access and utilization 25

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of births to mothers who received prenatal care during the first trimester, by maternal education level, Wisconsin, 2010 Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident birth certificates. Health care access and utilization 26

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Percentage of children ages 10 months to 5 years who did not receive screening for developmental, behavioral, and social delays, Wisconsin and United States, Source: National Survey of Children’s Health, Health care access and utilization 27

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT References 1.University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. County Health Rankings, Center for Urban Population Health. Milwaukee Health Report, LaVeist TA, Gaskin DA, Richard P (2009). The Economic Burden of Health Inequalities in the United States. Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies. 20Burden%20of%20Health%20Inequalities%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf 20Burden%20of%20Health%20Inequalities%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf 4.Thomas JC, Sage M, Dillenberg J, Guillory VJ (2002). A Code of Ethics for Public Health. Am Journal of Public Health. 92(7):1057– Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS). Healthiest Wisconsin National Survey for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics Reports. Deaths: Preliminary Data for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Infant Mortality Fact Sheet References

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 8.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Is low birthweight a health problem? htm htm 9.CDC. Unintended Pregnancies CDC. PNSS Health Indicators. Indicators 11.CDC. Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke. fects/ fects/ 12.CDC. During Prgnancy American Academy of Pediatrics. Developmental Surveillance and Screening of Infants and Young Children References

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Links to additional reports and resources Wisconsin Births and Infant Deaths, 2010: Wisconsin Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs Program: 30 Links

HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Liz Oftedahl Epidemiologist Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs (CYSHCN) Program / Maternal and Child Health Program Bureau of Community Health Promotion Division of Public Health Wisconsin Department of Health Services Contact 31 Contacts