Personal Protective Equipment This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour General Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.

Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements 1926.95 This regulation requires employers to ensure that personal protective equipment "be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary…" to prevent injury. Employer shall assure that all PPE is adequate and of a safe design and construction.

Personal Protective Equipment Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards. Remember, PPE is the last level of control! Additional information: OSHA Instruction CPL 2.103, Field Inspection Reference Manual, Chapter IV, Section A 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I, Appendix B 1910.1000(e)

Engineering Controls If . . . Then . . . The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard, Then . . . The hazard can be eliminated using an engineering control.

Engineering Controls (cont’d) Examples . . . Initial design specifications Substitute less harmful material Change process Enclose process Isolate process Ventilation

Work Practice Controls If . . . Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs, Then . . . The hazard can be eliminated using a work practice control.

Work Practice Controls (cont’d) Examples . . . Using wet methods to cut concrete Personal hygiene Housekeeping and maintenance Job rotation of workers Note: Job rotation of workers only reduces exposure – it does not eliminate the hazard. Machine Shop Example: A milling operation produces large quantities of metal chips that fly all over the surrounding work areas. Recognizing that flying metal chips were a potential hazard to employees in the surrounding areas, the machine shop owner had to decide how best to protect the workers. Option 1—Engineering and work practice controls: Engineering control - Enclose the milling operation or install a deflector to contain the metal chips and prevent them from flying into the surrounding areas. Work practice control - Operate the machine only at certain times of the day when adjacent operations have stopped. Option 2—PPE: Provide employees with safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields. Option 1 is more effective since enclosing the operation will eliminate the hazard of flying metal chips. Providing a deflector will contain most, if not all, of the flying chips. In a machine shop, however, safety glasses should also be required for added protection.

Personal Protective Equipment Eye & Face protection - safety glasses, goggles, face shields Head protection - hard hats Foot protection- safety shoes Hand & Arm protection - gloves Hearing conservation - earplugs, earmuffs Body protection – aprons, vests, coveralls Respiratory protection – APR, PAPR, SAR, SCBA

Establishing a PPE Program Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE 1910.132(d) If all feasible engineering and work practice controls are in place, but employees are still exposed to potential hazards, PPE must be provided. See Checklist B in OSHA Publication 3151, Assessing the Need for PPE, A Guide for Small Business Employers, to assess the need for PPE.

Training Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following: When PPE is necessary What type of PPE is necessary How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal 1910.132(f) Each affected employee must demonstrate an understanding of the required training, and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE. When the employee does not have the required skill and understanding, retraining is required. Written certification of completion of training is required.

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926.102 Eye protection Where possible danger of injury from: physical (particulates, flying objects) chemical (acids or caustics) radiation agents (lasers, UV, infrared) Must meet ANSI Z87.1 - 2003

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926.100 Head protection Where possible danger of head injury from: impact, falling or flying objects, electrical shock and burns (non conductive) Must meet ANSI Z89.2-1986

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926.96 Foot protection Where possible danger of foot injury Heavy objects Sharp objects Hot or wet surfaces ANSI Z41.1-1999 (Test Methods) ASTM F2413-05 (Performance Criteria)

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1910.138 Hand protection Employees shall use hand protection when hands are exposed to hazards. ASTM F-1790 standard for cut protection performance ANSI/ISEA 105-2000 chemical hand protection selection criteria ASTM D 120-87, specification for rubber insulating electrical protective gloves

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926.101 Hearing protection Hearing protection required above 90 dB TWA Hearing protection available at 85 dB TWA Hearing protection will always have an assigned Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) Hearing Conservation Program Audiometric testing for employees Baseline audiogram Annual audiogram

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926 Body protection There are many specific OSHA standards that recognize hazards that require body protect. Cuts, abrasions, and impacts from tools, machinery, or materials Contact with Hazardous chemicals, or potentially infectious materials Intense heat, Hot liquids Radiation exposures

Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926.103 is identical to the 1910.134 Respiratory protection Respirators shall be provided by the employer to protect the health of the employee Respiratory protection may control occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors The primary objective shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination

Personal Protective Equipment Respirator program requirements Written program and evaluation Training Medical evaluation Fit testing Proper selection Cleaning, disinfecting and storage On going medical monitoring

Personal Protective Equipment Air purifying respirator (APR) Chemical & mechanical filter cartridges Combination mechanical filter / chemical cartridge Gas masks Powered air purifying respirators

Personal Protective Equipment Air purifying respirator (APR) Requirements & Limitations Oxygen must be > 19.5% Use only compatible parts Filters (for particulates) Cartridges & Canisters (for gases or vapors) No facial hair (beards and gross sideburns) No alterations

Personal Protective Equipment Atmosphere or air supplying devices Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) Supplied air respirators (SAR) Combination SCBA & supplied air respirators NOTE: Must be supplied with Grade D breathing air.

Personal Protective Equipment User fit checks Prior to each use the wearer must perform a user fit check to ensure a good seal on the face piece. Negative pressure fit check Positive pressure fit check

Summary Employers must implement a PPE program where they: Assess the workplace for hazards Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must be worn Train employees how to use and care for their PPE Require employees to wear selected PPE For more information: -- OSHA Publication 3151, Assessing the Need for Personal Protective Equipment: A Guide for Small Business Employers. It is available at OSHA’s home page (www.osha.gov), or for sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.