The Gospel of John The Life of Jesus as recorded by John The Life of Jesus as recorded by John Jesus, crucified Jesus, crucified Week 17, December 3, 2014 Week 17, December 3, 2014

John 19: 1-16: “ So then Pilate…” John 19: 1-16: “ So then Pilate…” First, he tried to refuse to deal with this case First, he tried to refuse to deal with this case Then, he tried to release Jesus because of the Passover custom Then, he tried to release Jesus because of the Passover custom Then he scourged Jesus Then he scourged Jesus And then he makes a final appeal And then he makes a final appeal Through it all, he refused to put his foot down Through it all, he refused to put his foot down Pilate’s history: Pilate took over in AD 26 and remained until AD 35. He was a failure as governor. Three incidents… Pilate’s history: Pilate took over in AD 26 and remained until AD 35. He was a failure as governor. Three incidents… First visit to Jerusalem. Roman standards. Graven images. First visit to Jerusalem. Roman standards. Graven images. Jerusalem’s water supply. Pilate raided temple treasury. Jerusalem’s water supply. Pilate raided temple treasury. Pilate’s lodgings in Jerusalem, images of Caesar. Jews complained to Tiberius. Tiberius ordered them removed. Pilate’s lodgings in Jerusalem, images of Caesar. Jews complained to Tiberius. Tiberius ordered them removed. Final note: Revolt in Samaria in AD 35. Pilate crushed it so severely that the legate of Syria wrote to Tiberius. Pilate ordered back to Rome. On his way to Rome, Tiberius died. Pilate vanished from history. Final note: Revolt in Samaria in AD 35. Pilate crushed it so severely that the legate of Syria wrote to Tiberius. Pilate ordered back to Rome. On his way to Rome, Tiberius died. Pilate vanished from history. The Gospel of John

John 19: 1-16: “ So then Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him. And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. Then they said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck Him with their hands.” John 19: 1-16: “ So then Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him. And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. Then they said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck Him with their hands.” Many people died just from the scourging. Many people died just from the scourging. “Pilate then went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I am bringing Him out to you, that you may know that I find no fault in Him.” Then Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said to them, “Behold the Man!” Therefore, when the chief priests and officers saw Him, they cried out, saying, “Crucify Him, crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “You take Him and crucify Him, for I find no fault in Him.” “Pilate then went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I am bringing Him out to you, that you may know that I find no fault in Him.” Then Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said to them, “Behold the Man!” Therefore, when the chief priests and officers saw Him, they cried out, saying, “Crucify Him, crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “You take Him and crucify Him, for I find no fault in Him.” “The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to our law He ought to die, because He made Himself the Son of God.” Therefore, when Pilate heard that saying, he was the more afraid, and went again into the Praetorium, and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.” “The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to our law He ought to die, because He made Himself the Son of God.” Therefore, when Pilate heard that saying, he was the more afraid, and went again into the Praetorium, and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.” The Gospel of John

John 19:1-16 “Then Pilate said to Him, “Are You not speaking to me? Do You not know that I have power to crucify You, and power to release You?” Jesus answered, “You could have no power at all against Me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore the one who delivered Me to you has the greater sin.” John 19:1-16 “Then Pilate said to Him, “Are You not speaking to me? Do You not know that I have power to crucify You, and power to release You?” Jesus answered, “You could have no power at all against Me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore the one who delivered Me to you has the greater sin.” From then on Pilate sought to release Him, but the Jews cried out, saying, “If you let this Man go, you are not Caesar’s friend. Whoever makes himself a king speaks against Caesar.” From then on Pilate sought to release Him, but the Jews cried out, saying, “If you let this Man go, you are not Caesar’s friend. Whoever makes himself a king speaks against Caesar.” When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus out and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.” When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus out and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.” Pilate crucifies Jesus to keep his job. Pilate crucifies Jesus to keep his job. See the Jews threatening to tell Tiberius again? See the Jews threatening to tell Tiberius again? Hint of superstitious curiosity about Pilate questioning Jesus. Hint of superstitious curiosity about Pilate questioning Jesus. Pilate did not have the courage to defy men or to recognize God. Pilate did not have the courage to defy men or to recognize God. You can still see this “Pavement” today. You can still see this “Pavement” today. The Gospel of John

John 19:1-16 “Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, “Behold your King!” John 19:1-16 “Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, “Behold your King!” It is about noon now. It is about noon now. “But they cried out, “Away with Him, away with Him! Crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!” “But they cried out, “Away with Him, away with Him! Crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!” How far the Jews have gone in their hatred. How far the Jews have gone in their hatred. “Then he delivered Him to them to be crucified. Then they took Jesus and led Him away.” “Then he delivered Him to them to be crucified. Then they took Jesus and led Him away.” The Gospel of John

John 19: 17-24: “And He, bearing His cross, went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha, where they crucified Him, and two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center.” John 19: 17-24: “And He, bearing His cross, went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha, where they crucified Him, and two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center.” The nails… the Greek word is not hand, but refers to anything below the mid-forearm. If nails through hand, would not support the weight. Limit in hand is only about 40 pounds. The nails… the Greek word is not hand, but refers to anything below the mid-forearm. If nails through hand, would not support the weight. Limit in hand is only about 40 pounds. The feet. Only example we have is through the ankles to nail the legs to the sides of the cross support. The feet. Only example we have is through the ankles to nail the legs to the sides of the cross support. The Gospel of John

John 19:17-24: “And He, bearing His cross, went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha, where they crucified Him, and two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center.” John 19:17-24: “And He, bearing His cross, went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha, where they crucified Him, and two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center.” Crucifixion began with the Persians. Carthage learned it from them, and Rome from Carthage. Crucifixion began with the Persians. Carthage learned it from them, and Rome from Carthage. Tacitus: “A despicable death” Tacitus: “A despicable death” Cicero: “Incapable of description” Cicero: “Incapable of description” Was used in Italy only in the revolt of Spartacus. Was used in Italy only in the revolt of Spartacus. Accused was led through streets of the city, by the longest route possible for two reasons: 1) To let the entire city see that Rome ruled utterly, but also 2) In case a witness might still exist to argue for the accused. Accused was led through streets of the city, by the longest route possible for two reasons: 1) To let the entire city see that Rome ruled utterly, but also 2) In case a witness might still exist to argue for the accused. We do not know where Golgotha really was located. We do not know where Golgotha really was located. The cross may well have been a cross beam rather than the usual image we have. The cross may well have been a cross beam rather than the usual image we have. The Gospel of John

John 19: 17-24: “Now Pilate wrote a title and put it on the cross. And the writing was: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS. Then many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin…” John 19: 17-24: “Now Pilate wrote a title and put it on the cross. And the writing was: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS. Then many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin…” The accused was always preceded by a placard with his crime written upon it. Difference in readings probably result of the three languages. The accused was always preceded by a placard with his crime written upon it. Difference in readings probably result of the three languages. “Therefore the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘He said, “I am the King of the Jews.” ’ ” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.” “Therefore the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘He said, “I am the King of the Jews.” ’ ” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.” They really don’t like each other, do they? They really don’t like each other, do they? The Gospel of John

John 19: 17-24: “…Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His garments and made four parts, to each soldier a part, and also the tunic. Now the tunic was without seam, woven from the top in one piece. They said therefore among themselves, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says: “They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots.” [ Psalm 22:8 ] Therefore the soldiers did these things.” John 19: 17-24: “…Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His garments and made four parts, to each soldier a part, and also the tunic. Now the tunic was without seam, woven from the top in one piece. They said therefore among themselves, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says: “They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots.” [ Psalm 22:8 ] Therefore the soldiers did these things.” The High Priest wore a tunic without seam. Jesus is our high priest. The High Priest wore a tunic without seam. Jesus is our high priest. Of all in this story, it is these soldiers and the ones who scourged Jesus who are ‘least’ to blame. They really did not know what they were doing. Of all in this story, it is these soldiers and the ones who scourged Jesus who are ‘least’ to blame. They really did not know what they were doing. The Gospel of John

John 19: 25-30: “Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and the disciple whom He loved standing by, He said to His mother, “Woman, behold your son!” Then He said to the disciple, “Behold your mother!” And from that hour that disciple took her to his own home.” John 19: 25-30: “Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and the disciple whom He loved standing by, He said to His mother, “Woman, behold your son!” Then He said to the disciple, “Behold your mother!” And from that hour that disciple took her to his own home.” This is the apostle John. This is the apostle John. His mother’s sister … This is Salome, the mother of James and John. His mother’s sister … This is Salome, the mother of James and John. James and John were Jesus’ cousins. James and John were Jesus’ cousins. This is also the lady whom Jesus rebuked when she wanted a primary place for her sons by Jesus’ side. This is also the lady whom Jesus rebuked when she wanted a primary place for her sons by Jesus’ side. The rebuke did not cause her to go away. The rebuke did not cause her to go away. Mary of Magdala, out of whom Jesus cast 7 demons. Mary of Magdala, out of whom Jesus cast 7 demons. Even now, at the end of His life, Jesus cares for His mother. Even now, at the end of His life, Jesus cares for His mother. The Gospel of John

MatthewMarkJohn Mary, Jesus’ mother Mary Magdalene Mary, mother of James and Joseph Mary, Cleophas’ wife Mother of Zebedee’s children SalomeMary’s sister

John 19:25-30: “After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, “I thirst!” Now a vessel full of sour wine was sitting there; and they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on hyssop, and put it to His mouth.” John 19:25-30: “After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, “I thirst!” Now a vessel full of sour wine was sitting there; and they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on hyssop, and put it to His mouth.” Hyssop used in the Passover feast (Exodus 12:22). Any Jew would have understood this reference. Hyssop used in the Passover feast (Exodus 12:22). Any Jew would have understood this reference. “So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!”… “So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!”… “It is finished” - single Greek word - tetelestai “It is finished” - single Greek word - tetelestai Jesus dies with a shout of triumph, not weary defeat Jesus dies with a shout of triumph, not weary defeat “And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit.” “And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit.” The word here is same word used for laying your head down upon a pillow. Even after this terrible suffering, His task was over and he was at rest and peace. The word here is same word used for laying your head down upon a pillow. Even after this terrible suffering, His task was over and he was at rest and peace. The Gospel of John

John 19: 31-37: “Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with Him. But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you may believe. For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, “Not one of His bones shall be broken.” And again another Scripture says, “They shall look on Him whom they pierced.” John 19: 31-37: “Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with Him. But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you may believe. For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, “Not one of His bones shall be broken.” And again another Scripture says, “They shall look on Him whom they pierced.” Cause of death? Asphyxiation or heart failure. Cause of death? Asphyxiation or heart failure. Blood and water, symbolic, yes. Indicative of heart failure? Perhaps. Blood and water, symbolic, yes. Indicative of heart failure? Perhaps. Final proof of John that Jesus was a real man and yet God as well. Final proof of John that Jesus was a real man and yet God as well. The Gospel of John

John 19: 38-42: “After this, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took the body of Jesus. And Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. Then they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in strips of linen with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. So there they laid Jesus, because of the Jews’ Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby.” John 19: 38-42: “After this, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took the body of Jesus. And Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. Then they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in strips of linen with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. So there they laid Jesus, because of the Jews’ Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby.” Jesus’ death is in many ways more powerful even than His life. In His life, these two men were secret disciples. Jesus’ death is in many ways more powerful even than His life. In His life, these two men were secret disciples. In His death, they come out openly. Jesus’ death changes everything. In His death, they come out openly. Jesus’ death changes everything. And, there ends chapter 19. The beginning is next. And, there ends chapter 19. The beginning is next. See you next week. See you next week. The Gospel of John