Do-Now Take out your homework and, with your groupmates, discuss your answers. Come to a consensus (agreement) and write your answers on the white board given to you. You have 8 minutes to do this. BJOTD: Why was the computer so tired when he came home from work?

Objectives The Student will know –the major empires of the world in 1500 CE The Student will understand –History is written by those who win. The Student will be able to: –Describe some of the major characteristics of the Empires in 1500 CE –Locate on a map the major empires of the world in 1500 CE –Work with a partner to investigate the reasons why some history is never heard of

Empires of the World in 1500 CE

Outline European Kingdoms Africa (Songhai state) Gunpowder States (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals) Asia (China & Japan) American Civilizations (Aztecs, Inca) Trade Networks / Product Origins

European Kingdoms Holy Roman Empire –Location: Northern Italy and German States –Close ties to the Catholic Church –Ruled by the Hapsburgs (Charles V)

France –Wins 100 Years War –Emerges as most powerful continental nation state under the Capetian dynasty

England –Norman Conquest results in Anglo-Saxon/French culture –Loss in 100 Years War ends British claim to the continent –Henry VIII (a Tudor King) is the current ruler –Parliament controls the money

Spain –Reconquista reestablishes Christian European dominance over Moors (Muslims) –Spanish Armada is major force –Beginning exploration of the Americas

Russia –Ivan III unites Ruscovite principalities –Overthrows Mongols –Russian Orthodox culture

Africa Songhai –Controlled the Gold- Salt trade –Islamic religion –Timbuktu: Islamic Cultural Center and city

Ottoman Empire Ottomans (Today’s Turks) –Conquer Byzantines in 1453 (Constantinople becomes Istanbul) –Empire on 3 continents (Asia, Europe and Africa) united by Islam –Take Balkans up to Vienna –Sunni Muslims –Trade in coffee and ceramics

Decline of the Ottomans Decline of the Ottoman Empire Nation state of Turkey emerges

Safavid Empire (Persian) Location=Southwest Asia (Iran today) Religion=Islam (Shi’ite/Shi’a) Silk Trade

Palace at Isfahan

Mughal Empire Location= North and Central Indian subcontinent Religion=Islam, but the people are mostly Hindu Establish trade with Europeans along SW coast (Portuguese, English, Dutch)

Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in 1629

Ming Empire (China) –Overthrow Mongols –Explorations of Admiral Zheng He –Beijing and Forbidden City –Establish European trade enclaves to limit outside influences

Ming Empire in 1580 CE

Tokugawa Shogunate (Japan) –Tokugawa Shogunate unifies feudal Japan (Muskets) –Social Pyramid :Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants (strict) –Isolationist (Act of Seclusion)

Feudal Society

Aztec Empire Location= Central Mexico Capital city=Tenochtitlan

Tenochtitlan

Inca Empires Location= western South America Capital city=Cuzco

Cuzco

Inca and Aztec Society=hierarchical, led by Emperor Religion= polytheism, included human sacrifice Depended on tribute from surrounding states

Trade Goods Asia: Paper, Compass, Silk, Porcelain India: Textiles, # System, Spices, Gems Middle East: Astronomy, Medicines, Mathematics (al jabr) Africa: Ivory and Gold

On your map… You should have… –Aztec Empire –Inca Empire –Mayan Empire –Songhai Empire –Ottoman Empire –Safavid Empire –Mughal Empire –Ming Empire –Tokugawa Shogunate