SAGE: Strategic Approaches to the Generation of Electricity Jochen Lauterbach 1 “The center will focus on developing, improving, and advancing technologies to enhance the environmental performance of electricity production“ Central Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.

“Power generation is the largest and fastest-growing energy sector. By 2030, power generation will account for 40 percent of all energy demand.” Outlook for Energy – A View to 2030, Exxon Mobil, 2009

Coal and our Energy Future Lowest cost for base-load electricity generation. Coal resources are widely distributed around the world. 3

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Direct Impact on SC Population Electricity usage in SC: #3 in per capita and #5 per GDP 1 in the US. Low electricity cost essential: –Low average income 2 –Hot weather –Electric heating –Mobil home energy inefficiency. –Further industrial/manufacturing growth. New EPA regulations for SO x, NO x, mercury. CO 2 capture and sequestration technologies. 1) 2) US Cencus Bureau

Economic Opportunities for SC Global energy economy is developing rapidly. Estimated 2 million jobs in US new energy economy. Innovation is first step for SC participating in the new energy economy. Creation of new technology-based businesses. Center complements other long-term initiatives at USC: –Solar, hydrogen, nuclear, biomass,… –Excellent nano-technology facilities. University of California Berkley, Clean Energy and Climate Policy for U.S. Growth and Job Creation, October Breakthrough Institute, 2010

7 SAGE Research Thrusts Emissions control technologies –CO 2, NO x, SO x, trace metals: Hg, Se, As etc. –Novel measurement technologies for trace metal speciation Combustion technologies –Air-firing, oxy-firing, gasification of coal

8 Current Status of SAGE Full endowment received Laboratory facilities by March 2012 New jobs created: –3 faculty –2.5 staff –2 post-docs –10 graduate students –9 undergraduate researchers

9 SAGE Organizational Structure Prof. Jochen Lauterbach, Director Prof. Jason Hattrick-Simpers 2 Post-docs & 3 grad students Prof. Bihter Padak Students to be recruited Prof. J. Lauterbach Dr. Erdem Sasmaz 2 Post-docs & 7 grad students Center affiliated faculty Johanna Bartl, Admin. Assistant Dr. Mary Glascock, Laboratory Manager Board of Directors

10 Example –JP-8 Reforming Defense Advanced Research Project Agency Three USC SmartState chairs & Engenuity SC Goal: Discover material to convert NATO jet fuel to LPG- like fuel for use in portable fuel cell power pack fuel cells

11 Discovery of a Novel Material T ( o C)Metha.EthyleneEthanePropylenePropane1-buteneButaneTotal C 2 -C %0.30%0.00%1.82%2.70%1.65%2.15%8.62% %5.36%1.16%7.28%3.66%2.13%1.81%21.40% 11 High-throughput methodology has identified novel materials that exceed the specifications for threshold fuel conversion efficiency for JP-8 New catalysts offer lower-T conversion above 20% After 50 hours, we still reach over 8% conversion Within 7 months, a new catalyst was identified and we now exceed the target

12 Jet Fuel Project Next steps: –Protect intellectual property (US patent filed) –Partner with local business to design and build prototype –Manufacture commercial system in SC

14 Electricity Production in SC 2009, Department of Energy

15 JP-8 Reforming Hydrocarbon Type JP-8 (%) Paraffins71 Alkylbenzenes19 Naphthalenes6.2 Olefins3.5 Balance0.3 Benzothiophenes Dibenzothiophenes Objective: Flexible fuels for portable power applications –Production of liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Mixture of C1-C4 hydrocarbons, with a high concentration of C3 and C4 Fuel conversion Efficiency greater 5% (kg LPG out/kg JP-8 in) No other feed, just air Challenges –Coking –Sulfur tolerance JP-8 may contain up to 3,000 ppmw sulfur –Well-defined S-containing product distribution Adapt existing clean coal technology for removal 15