Outline 1.Background to the concept 2.Justification for the proposed TBCA 3.Proposed TBCA delineation 4.Possible institutional and management frameworks 5.Project concept

Background to the concept Ongoing discussion between the two main agencies promoting this initiative; Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and the Tanzania Marine Parks and Reserves Unit (MPRU). UNEP, through the Nairobi Convention Secretariat, has supported 3 meetings of ‘Core Group’ in last 6 months. (KWS, MPRU, NGOs, District and County Authorities etc.)

Background Resulted in a joint technical paper describing the socio-ecological context of the area, why such a TBCA could be justified, proposed delineation of the TBCA, and a review of institutional and management options; this to potentially be used as the basis for a funding proposal to the GEF, or other agencies.

Background The area of interest harbours highly significant marine and coastal biodiversity, has a rapidly growing human population with nearly 60% of rural communities dependent on marine and coastal resources for their livelihoods. Overfishing, illegal and destructive fishing practices, illegal logging and unsustainable resource use patterns are major threats depleting natural resources.

Background The Objective of the proposed TBCA is to mainstream ecosystem management objectives and priorities into productive sector practices and policies, through strengthening capacity for restoring ecosystem health and conserving biodiversity at the local, national and trans-boundary level, and through piloting ecosystem-oriented approaches into spatial planning, water management, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and protected area management in the two countries.

Background Several other initiatives driven by non- state actors have been, or are currently active within the proposed TBCA, providing a strong foundation for further partnerships with both governments to enhance the sustainable development of the area. These include IUCN, WCS, CORDIO, EAWLS, FFI and others.

Justification Ecological significance: Contiguous and connected habitats

Ecological significance Regional ecological significance (CBD EBSAs, WWF eco-regions, Resilient Coasts site of importance)

Socio-economic and political benefits International cooperation (joint management of shared resources, Peace Parks)

Peace Parks The Peace Parks Foundation facilitates the establishment of transfrontier conservation areas (peace parks) and develops human resources, thereby supporting sustainable economic development, the conservation of biodiversity and regional peace and stability

The Peace Parks Philosophy "I know of no political movement, no philosophy, no ideology, which does not agree with the peace parks concept as we see it going into fruition today. It is a concept that can be embraced by all. In a world beset by conflicts and division, peace is one of the cornerstones of the future. Peace parks are a building block in this process, not only in our region, but potentially in the entire world.“ Nelson Mandela, co-founder of Peace Parks

Socio-economic and political benefits Connecting communities and cultures across political borders Joint tourism initiatives Cross-border learning opportunities

Proposed delineation of the TBCA Seaward boundary – 200m depth contour Landward boundary – coastal wards Southern boundary – southern boundary of Mkinga District, between Ulenge and Kwale Island (marine reserves) Northern Boundary – northern boundary of Diani – Chale Marine Reserve

POTENTIAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Institutional and management considerations Existing gazetted parks and reserves would continue to operate within their jurisdiction according to the legislation that guides their activities, and be primarily responsible for the existing protected areas. However, the MTBSC provides the opportunity for the entire coastal area of the TBCA to be managed though a multi- use, zoned system; some areas with greater protection than others

An overall system is envisaged that allows greater communication between sectors and stakeholders both within each country and between them. In essence the MTBSC will provide a coordination mechanism to enhance collaboration between existing institutions, frameworks and stakeholders.

Proposed Project Project Title: Marine Transboundary Conservation Area between Kenya and Tanzania Countries: Republic of Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania GEF Agency: UNEP GEF Focal Areas: Biodiversity; Climate Change; International Waters Project Duration: 5 years Indicative Budget: USD

Components 1.Supporting Policy Harmonization and Management Reforms towards improved governance of marine transboundary resources between Kenya and Tanzania 2.Community and Private Sector Engagement and Empowerment in Marine Conservation, natural resource management, and sustainable development

3. Infrastructural development and equipment procurement to effectively manage existing MPAs and facilitate engagement with surrounding communities 4. Socio-ecological research to inform decision making and establish baselines from which development of the TBCA can be measured 5. Capacity Development to enhance marine conservation and natural resource management in the proposed TBCA in Kenya and Tanzania

Asanteni, Obrigado, Thank You, Merci