Greek Philosophy and Art. I.Introduction A.Greek philosophy: the love of wisdom 1.Different from other philosophical systems a.Rationally based b.Interested.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Philosophy and Art

I.Introduction A.Greek philosophy: the love of wisdom 1.Different from other philosophical systems a.Rationally based b.Interested in the individual human c.wisdom for its own sake, not for the good of society 2.Basis for most western philosophy 3.Questioned authority. 4.Help develop religious systems of the future (Christianity)

II.Philosophy A.Early Philosophy 1.Physikoi (physicists) study natural world 2.Sophists (intellects) art of persuasion. a.No universal standards: Claimed there was no absolute knowledge b.All was relative c.If one could convince someone else, it was truth d.Based on emotion

B.Socrates ( ) Martyr to Truth: study of ethics 1.Opposed to the Sophists 2.Created the Socratic Method a.Learning based on conversation b.Questions and answers 3.“Know they self the unexamined life is not worth living” Seek arête (virtue) 4.Put to death--made to kill himself by Athenian authority

C.Plato ( ) 1.Socrates student 2.Went the next step--"what is real in the world and what is not?" 3.Humans only see shadows of reality (the cave) 4.Humans need to understand the absolute, perfect Forms of reality 5.Based on Intellect

D.Aristotle ( ) Encyclopedic Philosopher 1.Plato's student 2.Alexander's teacher 3.May not ever KNOW a conclusion. Long lists of possibilities. 4.Based on deductions taken from observation 5.Western scientific system 6.Most important western scientific system until Newton (1647)

III.Greek art A.Based on the human form in its perfection (very realistic) B.Architecture: basis of the USA IV.Greek Medicine A.Developed medical science 420 BC B.Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” (Hippocratic Oath) C.Observe and carefully interpret symptoms.