Focus on Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System (Relates to Chapter 32, “Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System,” in the textbook)

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System Heart Orientation in the thorax Structures Blood flow through the heart Blood supply to the myocardium

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-1

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-2

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-3

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-4

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Heart Conduction system Mechanical system Cardiac reserve

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-5

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-6

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Blood vessels Arteries, arterioles Veins, venules Capillaries

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-7

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Regulation of the cardiovascular system Autonomic nervous system Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors

Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Blood pressure Measurement of arterial blood pressure Pulse pressure Mean arterial pressure

Gerontologic Consideration Effect of aging on the cardiovascular system (see Table 32-1) Chest wall Heart Blood vessels

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System Subjective information Health information Past health history Past and current medications Surgery or other treatments

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Functional Health Patterns (see Table 32-4) Health perception–health management pattern Nutritional-metabolic pattern Elimination pattern Activity-exercise pattern Coping–stress tolerance pattern Values-belief pattern

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Functional Health Patterns (cont’d) Self-perception–self-concept pattern Role-relationship pattern Sexuality-reproductive pattern

Assessment of the Cardiovasular System (Cont’d) Objective Data Physical examination Vital signs Peripheral vascular system Inspection Palpation Auscultation

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-8

Assessment of the Cardiovasular System (Cont’d) Objective Data Physical examination Thorax Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-9

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-10

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-11

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System Noninvasive studies Blood studies Chest x-ray Electrocardiogram Exercise and stress testing

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Noninvasive studies Echocardiogram Nuclear cardiology Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Invasive studies Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography Intracoronary ultrasound Electrophysiology study Blood flow and pressure measurements

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-12

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-13

Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d) Fig. 32-14