Animal Behavior Ch 33

Follow along with the picture. music, song 4/20/2017

book; books (noun) 4/20/2017

Meaning: heart as in organ; also kindness 4/20/2017

Sign language Because of our innate language ability, it’s possible to learn another language, even a non-vocal one. But perhaps humans aren’t the only one with this ability. 4/20/2017

Koko, a gorilla, learned more than 500 different signs while in captivity. She even created some of her own signs, such as finger bracelet for ring. Once, her trainer signed “bad gorilla” and Koko corrected her by signing “funny gorilla.” 4/20/2017

Koko lied at times to avoid getting into trouble and insulted the trainers when she was angry. She even had her own kitten, a tiny tailless cat that she named All Ball. 4/20/2017

Koko and her kitten All Ball 4/20/2017

Elements of Behavior Behavior: way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment Stimulus vs. Response

Innate Behavior An instinct Appears the first time the behavior is performed even though the animal has no experience with the situation or behavior Spider weaving a web Suckling of a newborn Insect moving towards or away from light Migration- traveling to change habitat or to breed Estivation- go to “sleep” to survive heat & drought Hibernation- go to “sleep” to survive cold

Learned Behavior Animals alter their behavior as a result of experience 4 Major Types of Learning: Habituation Classical conditioning Trial & Error Imprinting

Habituation Simplest The animal gets “used” to the stimulus It is not positive or negative Reaction to a non-threatening or unrewarding stimulus

Classical Conditioning An animal makes a connection with a stimulus by reward or punishment Ex. Russian Scientist: Pavlov Rang a bell when he fed his dog Repeated this Dog would salivate when the bell rang (regardless of presence of food)

Trial and Error Animal learns to behave a certain way over repeated practice  to receive an award or avoid punishment Ex. Training a dog to sit

Imprinting Example: ducks follow the first moving object (their mothers) Have been known to think humans were their mothers

Social Behavior Animal Societies help enhance the success of individuals Primates exhibit a close family structure Jane Goodall (a British behaviorist) studied the chimpanzee in its natural habitat and revolutionized the field

Courtship Occurs when an individual send out stimuli (sounds, visual displays, chemicals) in order to attract a mate

Competition and Aggression Some animals are territorial Use aggression to defend territory and family Ex. Fighting Fish

Communication Animals may use visual, sound, touch or chemical signals to communicate Ex. Dolphins Cuttlefish- change colors Pheromones- chemical substances secreted that can change behavior Ex. Bees have 15 different glands! Ex. Ants also communicate this way!